PEDIATRIC EOR | FROM QUESTION TO PERFECTION|
STUDY WITH CONFIDENCE!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027.
Duration: 2 Hours.
Total Marks: 100.
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, What is the basic malaria treatment? Answer: hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine
What lab MUST you check with isotretinoin (not hCg)? Answer: liver enzymes
What is responsible for allowing urine to enter the bladder but prevent retrograde flow of urine
into the ureter? Answer: ureterovesical junction
What is the most common type of vesicoureteral reflux? Answer: primary (anatomic
deficiencies)
Prenatal ultrasound showing antenatal hydronephrosis = what? Answer: prenatal vesicoureteral
reflux
Children with ______ are at risk for recurrent febrile or symptomatic UTIs. Answer:
vesicoureteral reflux
What must be performed in all patients with prenatal hydronephrosis? Answer: postnatal renal
ultrasound
What is the primary imaging ordered for a child <2 with febrile UTI? Answer: renal & bladder
US
What is the imaging of choice after febrile UTI who have anomaly on kidney US? Answer:
contrast voiding cystourethrogram
Grade I & II vesicoureteral reflux has high rates of ____________. Answer: spontaneous
resolution
What is the treatment of choice for low grade (I-II) vesicoureteral reflux? Answer: prophylactic
abx (TMP-SMX, <2 mos = cephalexin/ampicillin/amox) + observation
What is the treatment of choice for intermediate or high grade vesicoureteral reflux? Answer:
prophylactic abx + surgical correction
Evidence of renal scarring may be a sign of what? Answer: vesicoureteral reflux
Congenital anomaly of male urethra that results in abnormal ventral placement of urethral
opening = what? Answer: hypospadias
What is the difference between hypospadias and epispadias? Answer: hypo = ventral placement
epi = dorsal placement
Failure of the urogenital folds to fuse during development = what? Answer: hypospadias
Dorsal hooded foreskin on exam = what? Answer: hypospadias
What abnormality should cause a provider to DEFER early circumcision? Answer: hypospadias
When should hypospadias repair be perfomed? Answer: 6 mos - 1 year
Hypospadias is most commonly associated with what? Answer: cryptorchidism
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
STUDY WITH CONFIDENCE!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027.
Duration: 2 Hours.
Total Marks: 100.
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, What is the basic malaria treatment? Answer: hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine
What lab MUST you check with isotretinoin (not hCg)? Answer: liver enzymes
What is responsible for allowing urine to enter the bladder but prevent retrograde flow of urine
into the ureter? Answer: ureterovesical junction
What is the most common type of vesicoureteral reflux? Answer: primary (anatomic
deficiencies)
Prenatal ultrasound showing antenatal hydronephrosis = what? Answer: prenatal vesicoureteral
reflux
Children with ______ are at risk for recurrent febrile or symptomatic UTIs. Answer:
vesicoureteral reflux
What must be performed in all patients with prenatal hydronephrosis? Answer: postnatal renal
ultrasound
What is the primary imaging ordered for a child <2 with febrile UTI? Answer: renal & bladder
US
What is the imaging of choice after febrile UTI who have anomaly on kidney US? Answer:
contrast voiding cystourethrogram
Grade I & II vesicoureteral reflux has high rates of ____________. Answer: spontaneous
resolution
What is the treatment of choice for low grade (I-II) vesicoureteral reflux? Answer: prophylactic
abx (TMP-SMX, <2 mos = cephalexin/ampicillin/amox) + observation
What is the treatment of choice for intermediate or high grade vesicoureteral reflux? Answer:
prophylactic abx + surgical correction
Evidence of renal scarring may be a sign of what? Answer: vesicoureteral reflux
Congenital anomaly of male urethra that results in abnormal ventral placement of urethral
opening = what? Answer: hypospadias
What is the difference between hypospadias and epispadias? Answer: hypo = ventral placement
epi = dorsal placement
Failure of the urogenital folds to fuse during development = what? Answer: hypospadias
Dorsal hooded foreskin on exam = what? Answer: hypospadias
What abnormality should cause a provider to DEFER early circumcision? Answer: hypospadias
When should hypospadias repair be perfomed? Answer: 6 mos - 1 year
Hypospadias is most commonly associated with what? Answer: cryptorchidism
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
