DEX IOT DAY 3 TEST SCRIPT COMPLETE
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ What is the primary function of the gastric-soleus complex
(Achilles)
Answer: Main push-off strength during gait cycle - powerful
plantar flexor
◉ Where does the achilles tendon insert?
Answer: Middle third of the posterior calcaneal tuberosity
◉ How many heads does the gastrocnemius have, and what is
their origin and insertion?
Answer: Origin - posterior aspect of the medial and lateral
femoral condyles Insertion - unites distally at the gastrocnemius
aponerosis... then further distal with the deep soleus to form
achilles
◉ What are the actions of the gastrocnemius? Why does it have
two actions?
Answer: 1.) Plantarflexion of the ankle joint and flexion of the
knee 2.) The muscle crosses both joints
◉ The soleus is a __ and __ muscle, and is __ to the gastrocnemius.
Answer: flat, large, deep
,◉ What is the gastroc-soleus also known as?
Answer: The "triceps surae" or simply the calf.
◉ Distal insertion of the achilles is __ shaped
Answer: Crescent
◉ Average length and width of the achilles
Answer: 15 cm length - 6.8 cm width that tapers down to 1.8 cm
by insertion
◉ What innervates the superficial posterior compartment?
(Achilles, gastroc-soleus, plantaris)
Answer: Tibial nerve and sural nerve
◉ Where do tears of the Achilles most commonly occur?
Answer: The watershed zone - 75% of ruptures
◉ Where is the watershed zone located on the achilles?
Answer: "mid substance", 2-6 cm hypovascular area from its
insertion
◉ What is the paratenon of a tendon?
, Answer: Vascular tendon sheath that acts as a conduit for entering
blood cells
◉ What are the bursae of the achilles?
Answer: 1.) Adventitious Bursae - superficial to achilles
2.) Retrocalcaneal Bursae (most commonly inflamed) - between
calc and achilles
3.) Subcalcaneal Bursae - between inferior calc and plantar
aponeurosis
◉ Why is the open approach for achilles ruptures not the gold
standard?
Answer: High infection risk
◉ Name some benefits of smaller incisions...
Answer: Quicker cases
- Less invasive/damage to biology
- Quicker recovery
- Less post-op pain
- Reduced risk of infections
◉ What is the ultimate load strength of the PARS technique,
comapred to a n open Krakow?
Answer: 385 Newtons vs 276 Newtons
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ What is the primary function of the gastric-soleus complex
(Achilles)
Answer: Main push-off strength during gait cycle - powerful
plantar flexor
◉ Where does the achilles tendon insert?
Answer: Middle third of the posterior calcaneal tuberosity
◉ How many heads does the gastrocnemius have, and what is
their origin and insertion?
Answer: Origin - posterior aspect of the medial and lateral
femoral condyles Insertion - unites distally at the gastrocnemius
aponerosis... then further distal with the deep soleus to form
achilles
◉ What are the actions of the gastrocnemius? Why does it have
two actions?
Answer: 1.) Plantarflexion of the ankle joint and flexion of the
knee 2.) The muscle crosses both joints
◉ The soleus is a __ and __ muscle, and is __ to the gastrocnemius.
Answer: flat, large, deep
,◉ What is the gastroc-soleus also known as?
Answer: The "triceps surae" or simply the calf.
◉ Distal insertion of the achilles is __ shaped
Answer: Crescent
◉ Average length and width of the achilles
Answer: 15 cm length - 6.8 cm width that tapers down to 1.8 cm
by insertion
◉ What innervates the superficial posterior compartment?
(Achilles, gastroc-soleus, plantaris)
Answer: Tibial nerve and sural nerve
◉ Where do tears of the Achilles most commonly occur?
Answer: The watershed zone - 75% of ruptures
◉ Where is the watershed zone located on the achilles?
Answer: "mid substance", 2-6 cm hypovascular area from its
insertion
◉ What is the paratenon of a tendon?
, Answer: Vascular tendon sheath that acts as a conduit for entering
blood cells
◉ What are the bursae of the achilles?
Answer: 1.) Adventitious Bursae - superficial to achilles
2.) Retrocalcaneal Bursae (most commonly inflamed) - between
calc and achilles
3.) Subcalcaneal Bursae - between inferior calc and plantar
aponeurosis
◉ Why is the open approach for achilles ruptures not the gold
standard?
Answer: High infection risk
◉ Name some benefits of smaller incisions...
Answer: Quicker cases
- Less invasive/damage to biology
- Quicker recovery
- Less post-op pain
- Reduced risk of infections
◉ What is the ultimate load strength of the PARS technique,
comapred to a n open Krakow?
Answer: 385 Newtons vs 276 Newtons
