DEWIT’S MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING
CONCEPTS AND PRACTICE STROMBERG
CHAPTERS 1 TO 48 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
AND DETAILED SOLUTIONS
◉ hypermagnesemia.
Answer: a condition in which the magnesium level in the blood is
above normal. (>2.1 mEq/L) It can occur in the presence of renal
failure or from overuse of magnesium-containing antacids and
cathartics and is rare.
◉ hypernatremia.
Answer: a condition in which the sodium level in the blood is above
normal. (>145 mEq/L) Water loss from fever, respiratory infection,
or watery diarrhea is the usual cause. The body tries to correct the
situation by conserving water through reabsorption in the renal
tubules. Good tissue turgor and firm subcutaneous tissues occur in
this state. *Sodium intake is restricted for this patient
◉ hyperphosphatemia.
Answer: a condition in which the phosphate level in the blood is
above normal. (>4.5 mg/dL) Commonly occurs in renal failure.
,◉ hypertonic.
Answer: a solution of greater concentration
◉ hyperventilation.
Answer: a rapid respiratory rate. Results in respiratory alkalosis.
Can occur due to a variety of reasons but is usually caused by
anxiety, high stress, or an overdose of aspirin.
◉ hypervolemia.
Answer: or fluid overload, is the medical condition where there is
too much fluid in the blood
◉ hypocalcemia.
Answer: a condition in which the calcium level in the blood is below
normal. (<8.4 mg/dL) Occurs from disorders in which there is a shift
of calcium into the bone. Removal or injury of the parathyroid glands
during thyroidectomy causes parathyroid hormone deficiency and
consequent hypocalcemia.
◉ hypochloremia.
Answer: a condition in which the chloride level in the blood is below
normal. (<95 mEq/L) It is associated with hyponatremia. It can also
occur with severe vomiting and is seen as a compensatory disease in
acid-base disorders.
, ◉ hypodermoclysis.
Answer: the slow infusion of isotonic fluid into subcutaneous tissue
◉ hypokalemia.
Answer: a condition in which the potassium level in the blood is
below normal. (<3.5 mEq/L) This can cause serious problems. It is
important to teach patients taking diuretics that are not potassium
sparing to increase potassium in the diet, take potassium
supplements as prescribed, and watch for signs of hypokalemia.
*Severe hypokalemia (<2.5 mEq/L) may cause cardiac arrest. Extra
potassium must be given to help correct an imbalance.
◉ hypomagnesemia.
Answer: a condition in which the magnesium level in the blood is
below normal. (<1.3 mEq/L) It is usually present when hypokalemia
and hypocalcemia occur. Magnesium imbalances are rare, but can be
caused by a variety of factors.
◉ hyponatremia.
Answer: a condition in which the sodium level in the blood is below
normal. (<135 mEq/L) This is the most common electrolyte
imbalance. Can occur from either a sodium loss or an excess of
water. A decrease in blood pressure may occur. If there is a problem
CONCEPTS AND PRACTICE STROMBERG
CHAPTERS 1 TO 48 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
AND DETAILED SOLUTIONS
◉ hypermagnesemia.
Answer: a condition in which the magnesium level in the blood is
above normal. (>2.1 mEq/L) It can occur in the presence of renal
failure or from overuse of magnesium-containing antacids and
cathartics and is rare.
◉ hypernatremia.
Answer: a condition in which the sodium level in the blood is above
normal. (>145 mEq/L) Water loss from fever, respiratory infection,
or watery diarrhea is the usual cause. The body tries to correct the
situation by conserving water through reabsorption in the renal
tubules. Good tissue turgor and firm subcutaneous tissues occur in
this state. *Sodium intake is restricted for this patient
◉ hyperphosphatemia.
Answer: a condition in which the phosphate level in the blood is
above normal. (>4.5 mg/dL) Commonly occurs in renal failure.
,◉ hypertonic.
Answer: a solution of greater concentration
◉ hyperventilation.
Answer: a rapid respiratory rate. Results in respiratory alkalosis.
Can occur due to a variety of reasons but is usually caused by
anxiety, high stress, or an overdose of aspirin.
◉ hypervolemia.
Answer: or fluid overload, is the medical condition where there is
too much fluid in the blood
◉ hypocalcemia.
Answer: a condition in which the calcium level in the blood is below
normal. (<8.4 mg/dL) Occurs from disorders in which there is a shift
of calcium into the bone. Removal or injury of the parathyroid glands
during thyroidectomy causes parathyroid hormone deficiency and
consequent hypocalcemia.
◉ hypochloremia.
Answer: a condition in which the chloride level in the blood is below
normal. (<95 mEq/L) It is associated with hyponatremia. It can also
occur with severe vomiting and is seen as a compensatory disease in
acid-base disorders.
, ◉ hypodermoclysis.
Answer: the slow infusion of isotonic fluid into subcutaneous tissue
◉ hypokalemia.
Answer: a condition in which the potassium level in the blood is
below normal. (<3.5 mEq/L) This can cause serious problems. It is
important to teach patients taking diuretics that are not potassium
sparing to increase potassium in the diet, take potassium
supplements as prescribed, and watch for signs of hypokalemia.
*Severe hypokalemia (<2.5 mEq/L) may cause cardiac arrest. Extra
potassium must be given to help correct an imbalance.
◉ hypomagnesemia.
Answer: a condition in which the magnesium level in the blood is
below normal. (<1.3 mEq/L) It is usually present when hypokalemia
and hypocalcemia occur. Magnesium imbalances are rare, but can be
caused by a variety of factors.
◉ hyponatremia.
Answer: a condition in which the sodium level in the blood is below
normal. (<135 mEq/L) This is the most common electrolyte
imbalance. Can occur from either a sodium loss or an excess of
water. A decrease in blood pressure may occur. If there is a problem
