DEWIT’S MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING
CONCEPTS AND PRACTICE STROMBERG
CHAPTERS 1 TO 48 COMPREHENSIVE STUDY
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ aldosterone.
Answer: the major mineralocorticoid steroid hormone produced by
the adrenal cortex. It promotes retention of sodium and bicarbonate,
conservation of water by absorption, and potassium excretion in the
blood.
◉ antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
Answer: released by the posterior pituitary controls how much fluid
leaves the body in the urine and causes reabsorption of water from
the kidney tubules
◉ ascites.
Answer: abnormal accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity
◉ dehydration.
Answer: a condition that occurs when the loss of body fluids, mostly
water, exceeds the amount that is taken in
,◉ diffusion.
Answer: the process by which substances move back and forth
across the membrane until they are evenly distributed throughout
the available space
◉ edema.
Answer: the retention of water, sodium, and chloride and defined as
an accumulation of freely moving interstitial fluid
◉ electrolytes.
Answer: molecules which have an atomic particles capable of
conducting an electrical current
◉ extracellular.
Answer: fluid outside the cell. Approximately 1/3 of total body
water. Transports water, nutrients, oxygen, waste, etc., to and from
the cells. Regulated by renal, metabolic, and neurologic factors. High
in sodium (Na+) content.
◉ filtration.
Answer: the movement of water and solutes through a
semipermeable membrane due to a pushing force on one side of the
membrane
, ◉ hydrostatic pressure.
Answer: the pumping action of the heart creates pressure exerted by
fluid within the capillaries
◉ hypercalcemia.
Answer: a condition in which the calcium level in the blood is above
normal. (>10.6 mg/dL) Can occur during periods of lengthy
immobilization, when calcium is mobilized from the bone, or when
an excess of calcium or vitamin D is taken into the body. *Administer
diuretics to increase calcium excretion, and encourage high fluid
intake.
◉ hyperchloremia.
Answer: an electrolyte disturbance in which there is an abnormally
elevated level of the chloride ion in the blood. (>103 mEq/L) Occurs
along with hypernatremia and a form of metabolic acidosis.
◉ hyperkalemia.
Answer: a problem in which the amount of potassium in the blood is
higher than normal. (>5.0 mEq/L) The mechanical disruption of cell
membranes causes a shift of potassium fromt he ICF to the ECF. This
shift happens when extensive tissue damage occurs from burns or
crush injuries. *HYPERKALEMIA CAN CAUSE LIFE-THREATENING
CARDIAC DYSRHYTHMIAS
CONCEPTS AND PRACTICE STROMBERG
CHAPTERS 1 TO 48 COMPREHENSIVE STUDY
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ aldosterone.
Answer: the major mineralocorticoid steroid hormone produced by
the adrenal cortex. It promotes retention of sodium and bicarbonate,
conservation of water by absorption, and potassium excretion in the
blood.
◉ antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
Answer: released by the posterior pituitary controls how much fluid
leaves the body in the urine and causes reabsorption of water from
the kidney tubules
◉ ascites.
Answer: abnormal accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity
◉ dehydration.
Answer: a condition that occurs when the loss of body fluids, mostly
water, exceeds the amount that is taken in
,◉ diffusion.
Answer: the process by which substances move back and forth
across the membrane until they are evenly distributed throughout
the available space
◉ edema.
Answer: the retention of water, sodium, and chloride and defined as
an accumulation of freely moving interstitial fluid
◉ electrolytes.
Answer: molecules which have an atomic particles capable of
conducting an electrical current
◉ extracellular.
Answer: fluid outside the cell. Approximately 1/3 of total body
water. Transports water, nutrients, oxygen, waste, etc., to and from
the cells. Regulated by renal, metabolic, and neurologic factors. High
in sodium (Na+) content.
◉ filtration.
Answer: the movement of water and solutes through a
semipermeable membrane due to a pushing force on one side of the
membrane
, ◉ hydrostatic pressure.
Answer: the pumping action of the heart creates pressure exerted by
fluid within the capillaries
◉ hypercalcemia.
Answer: a condition in which the calcium level in the blood is above
normal. (>10.6 mg/dL) Can occur during periods of lengthy
immobilization, when calcium is mobilized from the bone, or when
an excess of calcium or vitamin D is taken into the body. *Administer
diuretics to increase calcium excretion, and encourage high fluid
intake.
◉ hyperchloremia.
Answer: an electrolyte disturbance in which there is an abnormally
elevated level of the chloride ion in the blood. (>103 mEq/L) Occurs
along with hypernatremia and a form of metabolic acidosis.
◉ hyperkalemia.
Answer: a problem in which the amount of potassium in the blood is
higher than normal. (>5.0 mEq/L) The mechanical disruption of cell
membranes causes a shift of potassium fromt he ICF to the ECF. This
shift happens when extensive tissue damage occurs from burns or
crush injuries. *HYPERKALEMIA CAN CAUSE LIFE-THREATENING
CARDIAC DYSRHYTHMIAS
