ASLI 320 FINAL EXAM VERIFIED STUDY GUIDE
Cognitive Processing - Answers - The invisible mental processes such as comprehension,
memory, acuity and discrimination, immediate repetition, number repetition, delayed
repetition, word-level pattern inference, phrase-level pattern inference and multitasking
that are essential to the interpreting process.
The process of mastering cognitive processing skills is best begun - Answers - In one's
first language
Language competency - Answers - The ability to understand the source language in all its
nuances and the ability to express oneself correctly, fluently, clearly and with poise in the
target language.
Prediction - Answers - The process of completing sentences or ideas
Cloze - Answers - Measure of language proficiency in reading
Comprehension - Answers - Taking in the meaning or importance of something
Memory - Answers - The mental capacity of recalling or recognizing previously learned
behavior or past experience
Acuity - Answers - Acuteness or sharpness of perception
Discrimination - Answers - The ability to perceive distinguishing features, to distinguish, or
to recognize as distinct
Immediate Repetition - Answers - To say or perform again without delay. Replaces the
older term shadowing
Delayed Repetition - Answers - To say or perform again with a delay
Pattern Inference - Answers - A model or original used as an archetype or a model to be
followed in making things and the act of deriving logical conclusions from information
know to be true, or, reasoning from factual knowledge or evidence.
Word-Level Pattern Inference - Answers - Inferring a single word that can logically fit in the
context provided. Replaces the term cloze
Phrase-Level Pattern Inference - Answers - Inferring a phrase that can logically fit in the
context provided. Replaces the older term prediction
Comprehension is based on 2 basic features: - Answers - 1. Knowledge of words in a
language
2. Knowledge of the grammar of a language
The more information, or extralinguistic knowledge, a person has... - Answers - The more
likely they are to understand the message as intended by the sender
Receptor - Answers - Hears the message and analyzes it for meaning
, Segmentation - Answers - The interpreter breaks up the message into workable chunks
3 basic parts of he interpreting process: - Answers - 1. Reception
2. Segmentation
3. Formulating a version of the message in the TL, or the language into which the
message is to be interpreted
Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) - Answers - Proposed a model of human memory that
indicates sensory information, one perceived, is held in short-term memory for recall.
Hypothesis suggests that this kind of information is held phonemically and is lost if not
rehearsed soon after it arrives.
The duration of working memory - Answers - 250 milliseconds (Schweda-Nicholson)
Baddeley (1990) said there are 3 parts to the working memory: - Answers - 1. Central
executive: controls working memory
2. Visuo-spacial sketchpad: the place where mental images are probably created and
stored
3. Articulatory loop: retain limited amounts of information
Long-term memory has 2 broad categories - Answers - 1. procedural memory
2. propositional memory
Procedural memory - Answers - Used to perform actions such as typing or rollerblading
after they have been learned
Propositional memory - Answers - The memory that allows a person to remember
concepts
Propositional memory divided into 2 parts - Answers - 1. episodic
2. semantic
Episodic memory - Answers - Allows people to remember events from their own lifetimes
Semantic memory - Answers - General knowledge that is retained
The 2 aspects that will almost always require high levels of effort are: - Answers - 1.
Determining what is meant by the incoming message
2. Formulating the outgoing message
General world knowledge falls into what category of memory? - Answers - Long-term
Lag time/ Processing time/ Decalage/ Ear-Voice span - Answers - The distance, in time,
that separates the speaker's utterance and the repetition of that utterance
Self-monitoring - Answers - Interpreters listen to themselves while they are repeating to
see it they are saying what the speaker is saying
Phonemic shadowing - Answers - Immediate repetition (Lambert 1989)
Some of the things that the ability to use immediate repetition can tell us - Answers - 1.
The interpreter is not distracted by his or her own voice during the process
2. There is an ability to manage this aspect of simultaneity
Cognitive Processing - Answers - The invisible mental processes such as comprehension,
memory, acuity and discrimination, immediate repetition, number repetition, delayed
repetition, word-level pattern inference, phrase-level pattern inference and multitasking
that are essential to the interpreting process.
The process of mastering cognitive processing skills is best begun - Answers - In one's
first language
Language competency - Answers - The ability to understand the source language in all its
nuances and the ability to express oneself correctly, fluently, clearly and with poise in the
target language.
Prediction - Answers - The process of completing sentences or ideas
Cloze - Answers - Measure of language proficiency in reading
Comprehension - Answers - Taking in the meaning or importance of something
Memory - Answers - The mental capacity of recalling or recognizing previously learned
behavior or past experience
Acuity - Answers - Acuteness or sharpness of perception
Discrimination - Answers - The ability to perceive distinguishing features, to distinguish, or
to recognize as distinct
Immediate Repetition - Answers - To say or perform again without delay. Replaces the
older term shadowing
Delayed Repetition - Answers - To say or perform again with a delay
Pattern Inference - Answers - A model or original used as an archetype or a model to be
followed in making things and the act of deriving logical conclusions from information
know to be true, or, reasoning from factual knowledge or evidence.
Word-Level Pattern Inference - Answers - Inferring a single word that can logically fit in the
context provided. Replaces the term cloze
Phrase-Level Pattern Inference - Answers - Inferring a phrase that can logically fit in the
context provided. Replaces the older term prediction
Comprehension is based on 2 basic features: - Answers - 1. Knowledge of words in a
language
2. Knowledge of the grammar of a language
The more information, or extralinguistic knowledge, a person has... - Answers - The more
likely they are to understand the message as intended by the sender
Receptor - Answers - Hears the message and analyzes it for meaning
, Segmentation - Answers - The interpreter breaks up the message into workable chunks
3 basic parts of he interpreting process: - Answers - 1. Reception
2. Segmentation
3. Formulating a version of the message in the TL, or the language into which the
message is to be interpreted
Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) - Answers - Proposed a model of human memory that
indicates sensory information, one perceived, is held in short-term memory for recall.
Hypothesis suggests that this kind of information is held phonemically and is lost if not
rehearsed soon after it arrives.
The duration of working memory - Answers - 250 milliseconds (Schweda-Nicholson)
Baddeley (1990) said there are 3 parts to the working memory: - Answers - 1. Central
executive: controls working memory
2. Visuo-spacial sketchpad: the place where mental images are probably created and
stored
3. Articulatory loop: retain limited amounts of information
Long-term memory has 2 broad categories - Answers - 1. procedural memory
2. propositional memory
Procedural memory - Answers - Used to perform actions such as typing or rollerblading
after they have been learned
Propositional memory - Answers - The memory that allows a person to remember
concepts
Propositional memory divided into 2 parts - Answers - 1. episodic
2. semantic
Episodic memory - Answers - Allows people to remember events from their own lifetimes
Semantic memory - Answers - General knowledge that is retained
The 2 aspects that will almost always require high levels of effort are: - Answers - 1.
Determining what is meant by the incoming message
2. Formulating the outgoing message
General world knowledge falls into what category of memory? - Answers - Long-term
Lag time/ Processing time/ Decalage/ Ear-Voice span - Answers - The distance, in time,
that separates the speaker's utterance and the repetition of that utterance
Self-monitoring - Answers - Interpreters listen to themselves while they are repeating to
see it they are saying what the speaker is saying
Phonemic shadowing - Answers - Immediate repetition (Lambert 1989)
Some of the things that the ability to use immediate repetition can tell us - Answers - 1.
The interpreter is not distracted by his or her own voice during the process
2. There is an ability to manage this aspect of simultaneity
