NUR 6111 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM PREP
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2026/2027
UPDATE. JUST RELEASED
1. Which cellular adaptation process is characterized by an increase in the number of cells
resulting from an increased rate of cellular division?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Dysplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Hyperplasia
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells due to
increased cell division. Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size, metaplasia is the
replacement of one cell type with another, and dysplasia refers to abnormal changes in size
and shape.
2. In the context of fluid and electrolytes, which condition is most likely to cause clinical
manifestations of Chvostek and Trousseau signs?
A. Hypermagnesemia
,B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypokalemia
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Hypocalcemia increases neuromuscular excitability, leading to
tetany, which is clinically assessed via Chvostek (facial twitch) and Trousseau (carpal
spasm) signs.
3. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents with a pH of 7.25,
PaCO2 of 58 mmHg, and HCO3 of 26 mEq/L. What is the acid-base imbalance?
A. Metabolic Acidosis
B. Respiratory Alkalosis
C. Metabolic Alkalosis
D. Respiratory Acidosis
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: A pH below 7.35 indicates acidosis. The elevated PaCO2 (greater
than 45 mmHg) indicates the cause is respiratory, characteristic of hypoventilation in
COPD.
, 4. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgE and involves the release of
histamine from mast cells?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Type I hypersensitivity is IgE-mediated, leading to immediate
mast cell degranulation. Type II is tissue-specific, Type III is immune complex-mediated,
and Type IV is cell-mediated (delayed).
5. The pathophysiology of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) primarily involves which of
the following?
A. Deposition of circulating immune complexes
B. Degranulation of eosinophils
C. Autoantibodies against T-cell receptors
D. Destruction of beta cells in the pancreas
Answer: A
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM PREP
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2026/2027
UPDATE. JUST RELEASED
1. Which cellular adaptation process is characterized by an increase in the number of cells
resulting from an increased rate of cellular division?
A. Hypertrophy
B. Dysplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Hyperplasia
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells due to
increased cell division. Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size, metaplasia is the
replacement of one cell type with another, and dysplasia refers to abnormal changes in size
and shape.
2. In the context of fluid and electrolytes, which condition is most likely to cause clinical
manifestations of Chvostek and Trousseau signs?
A. Hypermagnesemia
,B. Hypocalcemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypokalemia
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Hypocalcemia increases neuromuscular excitability, leading to
tetany, which is clinically assessed via Chvostek (facial twitch) and Trousseau (carpal
spasm) signs.
3. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents with a pH of 7.25,
PaCO2 of 58 mmHg, and HCO3 of 26 mEq/L. What is the acid-base imbalance?
A. Metabolic Acidosis
B. Respiratory Alkalosis
C. Metabolic Alkalosis
D. Respiratory Acidosis
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: A pH below 7.35 indicates acidosis. The elevated PaCO2 (greater
than 45 mmHg) indicates the cause is respiratory, characteristic of hypoventilation in
COPD.
, 4. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgE and involves the release of
histamine from mast cells?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Type I hypersensitivity is IgE-mediated, leading to immediate
mast cell degranulation. Type II is tissue-specific, Type III is immune complex-mediated,
and Type IV is cell-mediated (delayed).
5. The pathophysiology of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) primarily involves which of
the following?
A. Deposition of circulating immune complexes
B. Degranulation of eosinophils
C. Autoantibodies against T-cell receptors
D. Destruction of beta cells in the pancreas
Answer: A
