NUR 257 FINAL EXAM PREP
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2026/2027
UPDATE
1. A 4-year-old child is admitted with suspected epiglottitis. Which nursing intervention is the
highest priority?
A. Obtain a throat culture to identify the causative organism.
B. Place the child in a supine position to facilitate drainage.
C. Prepare for immediate endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy.
D. Administer a sedative to reduce the child’s anxiety.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Epiglottitis is a medical emergency that can lead to sudden
airway obstruction. Examination of the throat or causing distress (like cultures or supine
positioning) can trigger laryngospasm. Airway management is the priority.
2. According to Erikson, which developmental task is primary for a 2-year-old toddler?
A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Initiative vs. Guilt
C. Industry vs. Inferiority
,D. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Toddlers (ages 1-3) are in the Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
stage, where they seek to gain control over bodily functions and environment.
3. A child with Tetralogy of Fallot becomes acutely cyanotic and hyperpneic. Which action
should the nurse take first?
A. Administer 100% oxygen via face mask.
B. Administer morphine sulfate intravenously.
C. Prepare for emergency modified Blalock-Taussig shunt.
D. Place the child in the knee-chest position.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: The knee-chest position increases systemic vascular resistance,
which decreases the right-to-left shunt and improves oxygenation during a ‘tet spell.’
4. A 6-year-old child with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is receiving pancrelipase. How should the nurse
instruct the parents to administer this medication?
A. Give the enzymes with every meal and snack.
B. Administer the medication two hours after every meal.
C. Crush the enteric-coated beads for easier swallowing.
D. Withhold enzymes if the child is having fatty stools.
, Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Pancreatic enzymes are necessary to digest fats, proteins, and
carbohydrates and must be taken with all meals and snacks to be effective.
5. A child is diagnosed with Nephrotic Syndrome. The nurse expects to see which of the
following clinical manifestations?
A. Gross hematuria and hypertension.
B. High serum albumin and low cholesterol.
C. Weight loss and increased urinary output.
D. Massive proteinuria and generalized edema.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by massive proteinuria,
hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. Hematuria is more common in
glomerulonephritis.
6. Which assessment finding is pathognomonic for Intussusception?
A. Currant jelly-like stools.
B. Projectile vomiting containing bile.
C. Ribbon-like, foul-smelling stools.
D. Painless rectal bleeding.
Answer: A
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2026/2027
UPDATE
1. A 4-year-old child is admitted with suspected epiglottitis. Which nursing intervention is the
highest priority?
A. Obtain a throat culture to identify the causative organism.
B. Place the child in a supine position to facilitate drainage.
C. Prepare for immediate endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy.
D. Administer a sedative to reduce the child’s anxiety.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Epiglottitis is a medical emergency that can lead to sudden
airway obstruction. Examination of the throat or causing distress (like cultures or supine
positioning) can trigger laryngospasm. Airway management is the priority.
2. According to Erikson, which developmental task is primary for a 2-year-old toddler?
A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Initiative vs. Guilt
C. Industry vs. Inferiority
,D. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Toddlers (ages 1-3) are in the Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
stage, where they seek to gain control over bodily functions and environment.
3. A child with Tetralogy of Fallot becomes acutely cyanotic and hyperpneic. Which action
should the nurse take first?
A. Administer 100% oxygen via face mask.
B. Administer morphine sulfate intravenously.
C. Prepare for emergency modified Blalock-Taussig shunt.
D. Place the child in the knee-chest position.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: The knee-chest position increases systemic vascular resistance,
which decreases the right-to-left shunt and improves oxygenation during a ‘tet spell.’
4. A 6-year-old child with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is receiving pancrelipase. How should the nurse
instruct the parents to administer this medication?
A. Give the enzymes with every meal and snack.
B. Administer the medication two hours after every meal.
C. Crush the enteric-coated beads for easier swallowing.
D. Withhold enzymes if the child is having fatty stools.
, Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Pancreatic enzymes are necessary to digest fats, proteins, and
carbohydrates and must be taken with all meals and snacks to be effective.
5. A child is diagnosed with Nephrotic Syndrome. The nurse expects to see which of the
following clinical manifestations?
A. Gross hematuria and hypertension.
B. High serum albumin and low cholesterol.
C. Weight loss and increased urinary output.
D. Massive proteinuria and generalized edema.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by massive proteinuria,
hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. Hematuria is more common in
glomerulonephritis.
6. Which assessment finding is pathognomonic for Intussusception?
A. Currant jelly-like stools.
B. Projectile vomiting containing bile.
C. Ribbon-like, foul-smelling stools.
D. Painless rectal bleeding.
Answer: A
