CHEM 219 MODULE 8: VITAMINS AND
MINERALS QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS 2026/2027 UPDATE.
JUST RELEASED
1. Which form of Vitamin A is specifically required for the visual cycle and the formation of
rhodopsin?
A. Retinoic acid
B. Retinyl palmitate
C. Beta-carotene
D. 11-cis-retinal
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: 11-cis-retinal is the specific isomer that binds to opsin to form
rhodopsin. Retinoic acid is involved in gene expression, and beta-carotene is a provitamin.
2. Which vitamin is synthesized in the skin via UV light and undergoes its first hydroxylation
in the liver?
A. Vitamin E
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin K
,D. Vitamin A
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is synthesized in the skin and is
first hydroxylated in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 before moving to the kidneys.
3. The deficiency of which vitamin is characterized by the ‘four Ds’: dermatitis, diarrhea,
dementia, and death?
A. Niacin
B. Thiamine
C. Riboflavin
D. Pyridoxine
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Pellagra is caused by a deficiency of Niacin (B3). Its classic
symptoms are dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and eventually death.
4. Which enzyme requires Vitamin K as a cofactor for the post-translational modification of
blood clotting factors?
A. Pyruvate carboxylase
B. Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase
C. Lysyl oxidase
D. Thrombin
, Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Vitamin K is a cofactor for gamma-glutamyl carboxylase, which
converts glutamate residues to gamma-carboxyglutamate on factors II, VII, IX, and X.
5. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is most commonly associated with a deficiency in which
water-soluble vitamin?
A. Thiamine
B. Vitamin B12
C. Folate
D. Vitamin C
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Thiamine (B1) deficiency, often seen in chronic alcoholism, leads
to Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome due to impaired glucose metabolism in the brain.
6. Which vitamin acts as a powerful lipid-soluble antioxidant, protecting cell membranes from
peroxidative damage?
A. Calcidiol
B. Ascorbic acid
C. Phylloquinone
D. Alpha-tocopherol
Answer: D
MINERALS QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS 2026/2027 UPDATE.
JUST RELEASED
1. Which form of Vitamin A is specifically required for the visual cycle and the formation of
rhodopsin?
A. Retinoic acid
B. Retinyl palmitate
C. Beta-carotene
D. 11-cis-retinal
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: 11-cis-retinal is the specific isomer that binds to opsin to form
rhodopsin. Retinoic acid is involved in gene expression, and beta-carotene is a provitamin.
2. Which vitamin is synthesized in the skin via UV light and undergoes its first hydroxylation
in the liver?
A. Vitamin E
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin K
,D. Vitamin A
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is synthesized in the skin and is
first hydroxylated in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 before moving to the kidneys.
3. The deficiency of which vitamin is characterized by the ‘four Ds’: dermatitis, diarrhea,
dementia, and death?
A. Niacin
B. Thiamine
C. Riboflavin
D. Pyridoxine
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Pellagra is caused by a deficiency of Niacin (B3). Its classic
symptoms are dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and eventually death.
4. Which enzyme requires Vitamin K as a cofactor for the post-translational modification of
blood clotting factors?
A. Pyruvate carboxylase
B. Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase
C. Lysyl oxidase
D. Thrombin
, Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Vitamin K is a cofactor for gamma-glutamyl carboxylase, which
converts glutamate residues to gamma-carboxyglutamate on factors II, VII, IX, and X.
5. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is most commonly associated with a deficiency in which
water-soluble vitamin?
A. Thiamine
B. Vitamin B12
C. Folate
D. Vitamin C
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Thiamine (B1) deficiency, often seen in chronic alcoholism, leads
to Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome due to impaired glucose metabolism in the brain.
6. Which vitamin acts as a powerful lipid-soluble antioxidant, protecting cell membranes from
peroxidative damage?
A. Calcidiol
B. Ascorbic acid
C. Phylloquinone
D. Alpha-tocopherol
Answer: D
