GPC-F Exam Prep Qs 2026/2027 | Actual Questions and Answers
Latest Updated 2026/2027 (Graded A+)
• Question
Geographic Information System (GIS)
Correct Answer: I. orderly compilation of info about a specific geographic area
II. includes AOI, hardware, software, manipulate, analyze, manage data
III. operations = agriculture, transportation, infrastructure, commercial, and government
• Question
GEOINT (Geospatial Intelligence)
Correct Answer: I. Exploitation and ANALYSIS OF IMAGERY AND GEOSPATIAL
INFORMATION to describe, assess, and visually depict physical features and
geographically referenced activities on the Earth
II. Legal definition only includes EXPLOITATION and ANALYSIS, but many key areas are
integral part of GEOINT function
• Question
Imagery
Correct Answer: I. Likeness or presentation of any natural or man-made feature or
related object or activity and the positional data acquired at the same time the likeness
or representation was acquired
II. Includes spaceborne and airborne platforms, UAVs, handheld photography, or other
similar means
III. Does NOT include handheld photography taken by human intelligence collection
organizations
• Question
Imagery Intelligence (IMINT)
Correct Answer: - Technical, geographic, and intelligence information derived through
the interpretation or analysis of imagery and collateral materials
• Question
Geospatial Information
Correct Answer: I. Identifies the geographic location and characteristics of natural or
constructed features and boundaries on the Earth
II. Includes statistical data; info derived from remote sensing, mapping, surveying, etc.;
mapping, charting, geodetic data, and related products
,• Question
Title 10 U.S. Code, Section 442
Correct Answer: I. Missions
II. Codifies NGA's national mission and addresses systems and tasking of GEOINT
III. "Shall develop system to facilitate analysis, dissemination, and incorporation of
likenesses, videos, and presentations produced by ground-based platforms into the
NSG"
- "Does not include authority for NGA to manage tasking of handheld or clandestine
photography taken
by human intelligence collection organizations"
• Question
Elements of GEOINT
Correct Answer: 1. Imagery
2. Imagery Intelligence
3. Geospatial Information
I. Foundational, what you need for GEOINT
II. Any one or a combination of the 3 elements may be considered GEOINT
• Question
Imagery Data
Correct Answer: I. Collected by a system of sensors and platforms
II. Sensors collect the data & platforms are the vehicles to which sensors are attached
• Question
Types of Platforms
Correct Answer: I. 1. Satellite
II. 2. Aircraft
III. 3. Ground-based
IV. 4. Sea-based
• Question
Government vs. Commercial Systems
Correct Answer: I. Government systems when they need discretion
II. Commercial systems whenever possible
,• Question
Government Satellites
Correct Answer: I. Adv.= global coverage/access, no cost for data, data is in government
control
II. Disadv. = limited collection, limited persistent coverage, competition for tasking
III. Examples = LANDSAT, GOES-R
• Question
Commercial Satellites
Correct Answer: I. Adv. = global coverage/access, unclassified & easily releasable,
avoids competition with higher priority IC requirements
II. Disadv. = competition with other consumers, slower availability of products,
tasking/acquisition not secure
III. Examples = GeoEye-1, WV, Radarsat 2
• Question
Manned Airborne Platforms
Correct Answer: I. Adv. = moderate duration/persistence, rapidly re-tasked under
Theater Commander control, can carry variety of sensors
II. Disadv. = less persistence than UAV, limited collection in hostile/denied areas
III. Examples = U-2/Dragonlady, P-3/AIP
• Question
Unmanned Airborne Platforms
Correct Answer: I. Adv. = very long duration. persistent surveillance, rapidly re-tasked
under Theater Commander control
II. Disadv. = Limited collection in hostile/denied areas, narrow FOV
III. Examples = RQ-4/Global Hawk, MQ-1/Predator, MQ-4/Triton, MQ-5/Hunter,
MQ-7/Shadow, MQ- 9/Reaper, MQ-1C/Gray Eagle
• Question
Ground-based Platforms
Correct Answer: I. Adv. = high resolution possible, long duration availability, less
expensive, 24/7 open source coverage
II. Disadv. = difficult placement, very limited sensor range, authentication
III. Examples = Buildings, poles, vehicles, people, Unattended Ground Sensors (UAGs)
• Question
Sea-based Platforms
Correct Answer: I. Adv. = underwater imagery, topography, high-res bathymetry
II. Disadv. = limited to good sea conditions, narrow sensor swaths
III. Examples = ships, buoys, submarines
, • Question
E.O. 12333
Correct Answer: I. Designates D/NGA as the GFM
II. Describes the obligations and authorities of the GFM
III. Restricts U.S. Government from imaging U.S. Persons
• Question
Types of Sensors
Correct Answer: I. EO (from UV through IR parts of EM spectrum; passive sensors with
exception of LIDAR)
II. Radar (non-literal, active sensors)
• Question
EO Phenomenologies
Correct Answer: - PAN (VIS)
- IR (uses IR to detect heat and radiance/reflection)
- TIR (similar to IR but different wavelengths, detects heat, warmer objects appear
lighter)
- MSI (tens of bands in VIS and IR)
- HSI (hundreds of bands in VIS and IR)
- LIDAR (only active EO sensor, uses laser pulses in VIS and IR, time for energy to return
provides info
including distances and height, shorter round trips = higher elevations, can provide 3D
models)
- OPIR (combines EO phenomenologies to create unique collection capability, detects
energy radiation in
VIS, NIR, SWIR, and MWIR)
• Question
Radar Phenomenologies
Correct Answer: I. SAR (illuminates objects w/ pulses of microwave energy, applies
signal processing to pulses to produce imagery)
II. Interferometric SAR/IFSAR (uses SAR sensor to observe location from 2 separate
positions, generates elevation data for Earth's surface)
Latest Updated 2026/2027 (Graded A+)
• Question
Geographic Information System (GIS)
Correct Answer: I. orderly compilation of info about a specific geographic area
II. includes AOI, hardware, software, manipulate, analyze, manage data
III. operations = agriculture, transportation, infrastructure, commercial, and government
• Question
GEOINT (Geospatial Intelligence)
Correct Answer: I. Exploitation and ANALYSIS OF IMAGERY AND GEOSPATIAL
INFORMATION to describe, assess, and visually depict physical features and
geographically referenced activities on the Earth
II. Legal definition only includes EXPLOITATION and ANALYSIS, but many key areas are
integral part of GEOINT function
• Question
Imagery
Correct Answer: I. Likeness or presentation of any natural or man-made feature or
related object or activity and the positional data acquired at the same time the likeness
or representation was acquired
II. Includes spaceborne and airborne platforms, UAVs, handheld photography, or other
similar means
III. Does NOT include handheld photography taken by human intelligence collection
organizations
• Question
Imagery Intelligence (IMINT)
Correct Answer: - Technical, geographic, and intelligence information derived through
the interpretation or analysis of imagery and collateral materials
• Question
Geospatial Information
Correct Answer: I. Identifies the geographic location and characteristics of natural or
constructed features and boundaries on the Earth
II. Includes statistical data; info derived from remote sensing, mapping, surveying, etc.;
mapping, charting, geodetic data, and related products
,• Question
Title 10 U.S. Code, Section 442
Correct Answer: I. Missions
II. Codifies NGA's national mission and addresses systems and tasking of GEOINT
III. "Shall develop system to facilitate analysis, dissemination, and incorporation of
likenesses, videos, and presentations produced by ground-based platforms into the
NSG"
- "Does not include authority for NGA to manage tasking of handheld or clandestine
photography taken
by human intelligence collection organizations"
• Question
Elements of GEOINT
Correct Answer: 1. Imagery
2. Imagery Intelligence
3. Geospatial Information
I. Foundational, what you need for GEOINT
II. Any one or a combination of the 3 elements may be considered GEOINT
• Question
Imagery Data
Correct Answer: I. Collected by a system of sensors and platforms
II. Sensors collect the data & platforms are the vehicles to which sensors are attached
• Question
Types of Platforms
Correct Answer: I. 1. Satellite
II. 2. Aircraft
III. 3. Ground-based
IV. 4. Sea-based
• Question
Government vs. Commercial Systems
Correct Answer: I. Government systems when they need discretion
II. Commercial systems whenever possible
,• Question
Government Satellites
Correct Answer: I. Adv.= global coverage/access, no cost for data, data is in government
control
II. Disadv. = limited collection, limited persistent coverage, competition for tasking
III. Examples = LANDSAT, GOES-R
• Question
Commercial Satellites
Correct Answer: I. Adv. = global coverage/access, unclassified & easily releasable,
avoids competition with higher priority IC requirements
II. Disadv. = competition with other consumers, slower availability of products,
tasking/acquisition not secure
III. Examples = GeoEye-1, WV, Radarsat 2
• Question
Manned Airborne Platforms
Correct Answer: I. Adv. = moderate duration/persistence, rapidly re-tasked under
Theater Commander control, can carry variety of sensors
II. Disadv. = less persistence than UAV, limited collection in hostile/denied areas
III. Examples = U-2/Dragonlady, P-3/AIP
• Question
Unmanned Airborne Platforms
Correct Answer: I. Adv. = very long duration. persistent surveillance, rapidly re-tasked
under Theater Commander control
II. Disadv. = Limited collection in hostile/denied areas, narrow FOV
III. Examples = RQ-4/Global Hawk, MQ-1/Predator, MQ-4/Triton, MQ-5/Hunter,
MQ-7/Shadow, MQ- 9/Reaper, MQ-1C/Gray Eagle
• Question
Ground-based Platforms
Correct Answer: I. Adv. = high resolution possible, long duration availability, less
expensive, 24/7 open source coverage
II. Disadv. = difficult placement, very limited sensor range, authentication
III. Examples = Buildings, poles, vehicles, people, Unattended Ground Sensors (UAGs)
• Question
Sea-based Platforms
Correct Answer: I. Adv. = underwater imagery, topography, high-res bathymetry
II. Disadv. = limited to good sea conditions, narrow sensor swaths
III. Examples = ships, buoys, submarines
, • Question
E.O. 12333
Correct Answer: I. Designates D/NGA as the GFM
II. Describes the obligations and authorities of the GFM
III. Restricts U.S. Government from imaging U.S. Persons
• Question
Types of Sensors
Correct Answer: I. EO (from UV through IR parts of EM spectrum; passive sensors with
exception of LIDAR)
II. Radar (non-literal, active sensors)
• Question
EO Phenomenologies
Correct Answer: - PAN (VIS)
- IR (uses IR to detect heat and radiance/reflection)
- TIR (similar to IR but different wavelengths, detects heat, warmer objects appear
lighter)
- MSI (tens of bands in VIS and IR)
- HSI (hundreds of bands in VIS and IR)
- LIDAR (only active EO sensor, uses laser pulses in VIS and IR, time for energy to return
provides info
including distances and height, shorter round trips = higher elevations, can provide 3D
models)
- OPIR (combines EO phenomenologies to create unique collection capability, detects
energy radiation in
VIS, NIR, SWIR, and MWIR)
• Question
Radar Phenomenologies
Correct Answer: I. SAR (illuminates objects w/ pulses of microwave energy, applies
signal processing to pulses to produce imagery)
II. Interferometric SAR/IFSAR (uses SAR sensor to observe location from 2 separate
positions, generates elevation data for Earth's surface)
