,Liberty University PSYC 210 Quiz 4 | Developmental Psychology
(2026) Q&A
1. According to Piaget, which sensorimotor substage is characterized by the coordination of
secondary circular reactions?
A) Substage 2
B) Substage 3
C) Substage 4
D) Substage 5
Correct Answer: Substage 4
Rationale: Substage 4 (8–12 months) involves the coordination of secondary circular
reactions, where infants intentionally combine schemes to achieve a goal, such as pulling a
cloth to reach a toy. This marks the beginning of goal-directed behavior.
2. What is the primary psychosocial task of infancy according to Erikson?
A) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
B) Trust vs. Mistrust
C) Initiative vs. Guilt
D) Industry vs. Inferiority
Correct Answer: Trust vs. Mistrust
Rationale: Erikson's first psychosocial stage, Trust vs. Mistrust, occurs from birth to
approximately 1 year. During this period, infants learn to trust that their caregivers will
consistently meet their basic needs.
3. A child who understands that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen has
developed:
A) Conservation
,B) Object permanence
C) Reversibility
D) Egocentrism
Correct Answer: Object permanence
Rationale: Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist when out of
sight, developing during Piaget's sensorimotor stage between 8 and 12 months.
4. Which attachment style is characterized by an infant who explores freely, shows distress
when the caregiver leaves, and is happy upon return?
A) Insecure-avoidant
B) Secure
C) Insecure-resistant
D) Disorganized
Correct Answer: Secure
Rationale: Secure attachment is characterized by an infant who uses the caregiver as a secure
base for exploration, shows distress upon separation, and is happy upon reunion. This is the
most common and healthy attachment style.
5. According to Thomas and Chess, which temperament style is characterized by a generally
positive mood, regular routines, and adaptability?
A) Difficult
B) Easy
C) Slow-to-warm-up
D) Mixed
Correct Answer: Easy
, Rationale: The easy temperament is characterized by a generally positive mood, regular
biological routines, and adaptability to new experiences. Difficult and slow-to-warm-up
temperaments present different patterns.
6. A nurse is teaching a parent about the developmental milestone of a 4-month-old infant.
Which skill should the parent expect?
A) Rolling from back to front
B) Holding head steady when upright
C) Sitting without support
D) Crawling
Correct Answer: Holding head steady when upright
Rationale: By 4 months, infants can hold their head steady when upright. Rolling from back
to front is a 6-month skill, sitting without support is a 6–8 month skill, and crawling is an 8–
10 month skill.
7. The average age at which infants begin to walk independently is:
A) 6 months
B) 9 months
C) 12 months
D) 18 months
Correct Answer: 12 months
Rationale: Most infants begin to walk independently around 12 months of age. However,
there is a wide range of normal development, with some walking as early as 9 months and
others as late as 15 months.
8. What is the primary purpose of the Moro reflex?
A) To help the infant find food
(2026) Q&A
1. According to Piaget, which sensorimotor substage is characterized by the coordination of
secondary circular reactions?
A) Substage 2
B) Substage 3
C) Substage 4
D) Substage 5
Correct Answer: Substage 4
Rationale: Substage 4 (8–12 months) involves the coordination of secondary circular
reactions, where infants intentionally combine schemes to achieve a goal, such as pulling a
cloth to reach a toy. This marks the beginning of goal-directed behavior.
2. What is the primary psychosocial task of infancy according to Erikson?
A) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
B) Trust vs. Mistrust
C) Initiative vs. Guilt
D) Industry vs. Inferiority
Correct Answer: Trust vs. Mistrust
Rationale: Erikson's first psychosocial stage, Trust vs. Mistrust, occurs from birth to
approximately 1 year. During this period, infants learn to trust that their caregivers will
consistently meet their basic needs.
3. A child who understands that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen has
developed:
A) Conservation
,B) Object permanence
C) Reversibility
D) Egocentrism
Correct Answer: Object permanence
Rationale: Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist when out of
sight, developing during Piaget's sensorimotor stage between 8 and 12 months.
4. Which attachment style is characterized by an infant who explores freely, shows distress
when the caregiver leaves, and is happy upon return?
A) Insecure-avoidant
B) Secure
C) Insecure-resistant
D) Disorganized
Correct Answer: Secure
Rationale: Secure attachment is characterized by an infant who uses the caregiver as a secure
base for exploration, shows distress upon separation, and is happy upon reunion. This is the
most common and healthy attachment style.
5. According to Thomas and Chess, which temperament style is characterized by a generally
positive mood, regular routines, and adaptability?
A) Difficult
B) Easy
C) Slow-to-warm-up
D) Mixed
Correct Answer: Easy
, Rationale: The easy temperament is characterized by a generally positive mood, regular
biological routines, and adaptability to new experiences. Difficult and slow-to-warm-up
temperaments present different patterns.
6. A nurse is teaching a parent about the developmental milestone of a 4-month-old infant.
Which skill should the parent expect?
A) Rolling from back to front
B) Holding head steady when upright
C) Sitting without support
D) Crawling
Correct Answer: Holding head steady when upright
Rationale: By 4 months, infants can hold their head steady when upright. Rolling from back
to front is a 6-month skill, sitting without support is a 6–8 month skill, and crawling is an 8–
10 month skill.
7. The average age at which infants begin to walk independently is:
A) 6 months
B) 9 months
C) 12 months
D) 18 months
Correct Answer: 12 months
Rationale: Most infants begin to walk independently around 12 months of age. However,
there is a wide range of normal development, with some walking as early as 9 months and
others as late as 15 months.
8. What is the primary purpose of the Moro reflex?
A) To help the infant find food
