WGU D116 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM
OBJECTIVE ASSEMENT & PRE-ASSESMENT 700 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE THIS YEAR - JUST RELEASED
SECTION 1 — PHARMACOLOGY FOUNDATIONS, PHARMACOKINETICS
& PHARMACODYNAMICS
1. Pharmacokinetics refers to:
A. What the drug does to the body
B. What the body does to the drug
C. The emotional response to medication
D. The cost of therapy
Answer: B
Rationale: Pharmacokinetics describes absorption, distribution,
metabolism, and excretion of drugs.
2. Pharmacodynamics refers to:
A. Drug absorption
B. Drug elimination
C. What a drug does to the body
D. Drug storage
Answer: C
Rationale: Pharmacodynamics concerns drug effects, receptor
interactions, dose-response relationships, and mechanisms of action.
3. Which route generally provides 100% bioavailability?
A. Oral
B. Subcutaneous
C. Intravenous
,D. Rectal
Answer: C
Rationale: IV administration places the drug directly into systemic
circulation.
4. Bioavailability refers to:
A. Rate of renal clearance
B. Fraction of an administered dose reaching systemic circulation
unchanged
C. Protein binding
D. Drug potency
Answer: B
Rationale: Bioavailability describes the proportion of active drug that
reaches systemic circulation.
5. The first-pass effect is most associated with:
A. IV administration
B. Oral administration
C. Transdermal administration
D. Intramuscular administration
Answer: B
Rationale: Orally administered drugs can be metabolized in the
intestinal wall and liver before reaching systemic circulation.
6. A drug with extensive first-pass metabolism may have:
A. Increased oral bioavailability
B. Decreased oral bioavailability
C. No metabolism
D. Immediate renal elimination
Answer: B
,Rationale: First-pass metabolism reduces the amount of unchanged
drug reaching systemic circulation.
7. Which factor can increase absorption of a lipid-soluble drug?
A. Poor membrane permeability
B. Lipid solubility
C. Complete ionization
D. High molecular weight only
Answer: B
Rationale: Lipid-soluble drugs generally cross biological membranes
more readily.
8. Gastric pH can affect drug:
A. Absorption
B. Prescription authority
C. Packaging
D. Brand name
Answer: A
Rationale: pH influences ionization and therefore absorption of many
medications.
9. A weak acid is generally more nonionized in:
A. An acidic environment
B. An alkaline environment
C. Any environment equally
D. Plasma only
Answer: A
Rationale: Weak acids tend to be more nonionized in acidic
environments, which can influence membrane passage.
, 10. A weak base is generally more nonionized in:
A. An acidic environment
B. A relatively alkaline environment
C. Gastric acid
D. Urine with low pH
Answer: B
Rationale: Weak bases become less ionized as the environment
becomes more alkaline.
11. Distribution refers to:
A. Movement of drug from the administration site into body tissues and
fluids
B. Drug destruction in the liver
C. Elimination in urine
D. Drug formulation
Answer: A
Rationale: Distribution describes movement of drug through the body
after absorption or administration.
12. A drug that is highly protein bound generally has:
A. More immediately free drug
B. Less immediately free drug
C. No pharmacologic effect
D. No distribution
Answer: B
Rationale: Only the unbound fraction is generally available to cross
membranes and interact with receptors.
13. Hypoalbuminemia can increase toxicity of some highly protein-
bound drugs because:
OBJECTIVE ASSEMENT & PRE-ASSESMENT 700 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE THIS YEAR - JUST RELEASED
SECTION 1 — PHARMACOLOGY FOUNDATIONS, PHARMACOKINETICS
& PHARMACODYNAMICS
1. Pharmacokinetics refers to:
A. What the drug does to the body
B. What the body does to the drug
C. The emotional response to medication
D. The cost of therapy
Answer: B
Rationale: Pharmacokinetics describes absorption, distribution,
metabolism, and excretion of drugs.
2. Pharmacodynamics refers to:
A. Drug absorption
B. Drug elimination
C. What a drug does to the body
D. Drug storage
Answer: C
Rationale: Pharmacodynamics concerns drug effects, receptor
interactions, dose-response relationships, and mechanisms of action.
3. Which route generally provides 100% bioavailability?
A. Oral
B. Subcutaneous
C. Intravenous
,D. Rectal
Answer: C
Rationale: IV administration places the drug directly into systemic
circulation.
4. Bioavailability refers to:
A. Rate of renal clearance
B. Fraction of an administered dose reaching systemic circulation
unchanged
C. Protein binding
D. Drug potency
Answer: B
Rationale: Bioavailability describes the proportion of active drug that
reaches systemic circulation.
5. The first-pass effect is most associated with:
A. IV administration
B. Oral administration
C. Transdermal administration
D. Intramuscular administration
Answer: B
Rationale: Orally administered drugs can be metabolized in the
intestinal wall and liver before reaching systemic circulation.
6. A drug with extensive first-pass metabolism may have:
A. Increased oral bioavailability
B. Decreased oral bioavailability
C. No metabolism
D. Immediate renal elimination
Answer: B
,Rationale: First-pass metabolism reduces the amount of unchanged
drug reaching systemic circulation.
7. Which factor can increase absorption of a lipid-soluble drug?
A. Poor membrane permeability
B. Lipid solubility
C. Complete ionization
D. High molecular weight only
Answer: B
Rationale: Lipid-soluble drugs generally cross biological membranes
more readily.
8. Gastric pH can affect drug:
A. Absorption
B. Prescription authority
C. Packaging
D. Brand name
Answer: A
Rationale: pH influences ionization and therefore absorption of many
medications.
9. A weak acid is generally more nonionized in:
A. An acidic environment
B. An alkaline environment
C. Any environment equally
D. Plasma only
Answer: A
Rationale: Weak acids tend to be more nonionized in acidic
environments, which can influence membrane passage.
, 10. A weak base is generally more nonionized in:
A. An acidic environment
B. A relatively alkaline environment
C. Gastric acid
D. Urine with low pH
Answer: B
Rationale: Weak bases become less ionized as the environment
becomes more alkaline.
11. Distribution refers to:
A. Movement of drug from the administration site into body tissues and
fluids
B. Drug destruction in the liver
C. Elimination in urine
D. Drug formulation
Answer: A
Rationale: Distribution describes movement of drug through the body
after absorption or administration.
12. A drug that is highly protein bound generally has:
A. More immediately free drug
B. Less immediately free drug
C. No pharmacologic effect
D. No distribution
Answer: B
Rationale: Only the unbound fraction is generally available to cross
membranes and interact with receptors.
13. Hypoalbuminemia can increase toxicity of some highly protein-
bound drugs because:
