STUDY NOTES & REFERENCE GUIDE
All Chapters Covered
···
P OW E R SY ST E M ·
· A NA LY S I S
·
H a d i Saa d at
O0 ( 00 IOI
:'
' .
100 100 l!O
courseroomsity - Stuvia | Page 1 of 107
, STUDY NOTES & REFERENCE GUIDE
CONTENTS
1 THE POWER SYSTEM: AN OVERVIEW 1
2 BASIC PRINCIPLES 5
3 GENERATOR AND TRANSFORMER MODELS;
THE PER-UNIT SYSTEM 25
4 TRANSMISSION LINE PARAMETERS 52
5 LINE MODEL AND PERFORMANCE 68
6 POWER FLOW ANALYSIS 107
7 OPTIMAL DISPATCH OF GENERATION 147
8 SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE TRANSIENT ANALYSIS 170
9 BALANCED FAULT 181
10 SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS AND UNBALANCED FAULT 208
11 STABILITY 244
12 POWER SYSTEM CONTROL 263
courseroomsity - Stuvia | Page 2 of 107
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CHAPTER 1 PROBLEMS ·
1.1 The demand estimation is the starting point for planning the future electric
power supply. The consistency of demand growth over the years has led to
numer ous attempts to fit mathematical curves to this trend. One of the simplest
curves is
p = Poea( t-to)
where a is the average per unit growth rate, P is the demand in year t, and Po is
the given demand at year to.
Assume the peak power demand in the United States in 1984 is 480 GW with
an average growth rate of 3.4 percent. Using MATLAB, plot the predicated peak
demand in GW from 1984 to 1999. Estimate the peak power demand for the year
1999.
We use the following commands to plot the demand growth
tO = 84; PO = 480;
a =.034;
t = (84:1:99)';
P =PO*exp (a* (t-tO));
disp ('Predicted Peak Demand -
GW') disp ([t, P])
plot (t, P), grid
xlabel ('Year'), ylabel ('Peak power demand
GW') P99 =PO*exp (a* (99 - tO))
The result is
1
courseroomsity - Stuvia | Page 3 of 107
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2 CONTENTS
Predicted Peak Demand - GW
84.000 480.000
0
85.0000 0
496.600
86.0000 6
513.7753
87.000 531.5441
0
88.000 549.927
0
89.0000 3
568.946
3
90.000 588.6231
0
91.0000 608.980
92.000 4630.0418
0
93.0000 651.8315
94.000 674.374
0
95.0000 0
697.6978
96.0000 721.827
4
97.000 746.7916
0
98.000 772.6190
0
99.0000 799.339
8
P99 =
799.3398
The plot of the predicated demand is shown n Figure 1.
800
750 . . . . . . ..
700
Peak
Power
650
Demand .
600 . . . . . . . . . . . ...
GW
550
500
45084 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100
Year
FIGURE 1
Peak Power Demand for Problem 1.1
1.2 In a certain country, the energy consumption is expected to double in 10 years.
courseroomsity - Stuvia | Page 4 of 107
All Chapters Covered
···
P OW E R SY ST E M ·
· A NA LY S I S
·
H a d i Saa d at
O0 ( 00 IOI
:'
' .
100 100 l!O
courseroomsity - Stuvia | Page 1 of 107
, STUDY NOTES & REFERENCE GUIDE
CONTENTS
1 THE POWER SYSTEM: AN OVERVIEW 1
2 BASIC PRINCIPLES 5
3 GENERATOR AND TRANSFORMER MODELS;
THE PER-UNIT SYSTEM 25
4 TRANSMISSION LINE PARAMETERS 52
5 LINE MODEL AND PERFORMANCE 68
6 POWER FLOW ANALYSIS 107
7 OPTIMAL DISPATCH OF GENERATION 147
8 SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE TRANSIENT ANALYSIS 170
9 BALANCED FAULT 181
10 SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS AND UNBALANCED FAULT 208
11 STABILITY 244
12 POWER SYSTEM CONTROL 263
courseroomsity - Stuvia | Page 2 of 107
, STUDY NOTES & REFERENCE GUIDE
CHAPTER 1 PROBLEMS ·
1.1 The demand estimation is the starting point for planning the future electric
power supply. The consistency of demand growth over the years has led to
numer ous attempts to fit mathematical curves to this trend. One of the simplest
curves is
p = Poea( t-to)
where a is the average per unit growth rate, P is the demand in year t, and Po is
the given demand at year to.
Assume the peak power demand in the United States in 1984 is 480 GW with
an average growth rate of 3.4 percent. Using MATLAB, plot the predicated peak
demand in GW from 1984 to 1999. Estimate the peak power demand for the year
1999.
We use the following commands to plot the demand growth
tO = 84; PO = 480;
a =.034;
t = (84:1:99)';
P =PO*exp (a* (t-tO));
disp ('Predicted Peak Demand -
GW') disp ([t, P])
plot (t, P), grid
xlabel ('Year'), ylabel ('Peak power demand
GW') P99 =PO*exp (a* (99 - tO))
The result is
1
courseroomsity - Stuvia | Page 3 of 107
, STUDY NOTES & REFERENCE GUIDE
2 CONTENTS
Predicted Peak Demand - GW
84.000 480.000
0
85.0000 0
496.600
86.0000 6
513.7753
87.000 531.5441
0
88.000 549.927
0
89.0000 3
568.946
3
90.000 588.6231
0
91.0000 608.980
92.000 4630.0418
0
93.0000 651.8315
94.000 674.374
0
95.0000 0
697.6978
96.0000 721.827
4
97.000 746.7916
0
98.000 772.6190
0
99.0000 799.339
8
P99 =
799.3398
The plot of the predicated demand is shown n Figure 1.
800
750 . . . . . . ..
700
Peak
Power
650
Demand .
600 . . . . . . . . . . . ...
GW
550
500
45084 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100
Year
FIGURE 1
Peak Power Demand for Problem 1.1
1.2 In a certain country, the energy consumption is expected to double in 10 years.
courseroomsity - Stuvia | Page 4 of 107
