NURS 3537 Integumentary System Pathophysiology
COMPLETE EXAM LATEST VERSION 2026-2027 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Which of the following are systemic effects of burns? (SATA)
A) Fluid shifts (intravascular to interstitial)
B) Hypovolemic shock
C) Myoglobinuria
D) Blood loss
E) Hyperkalemia - answer>>A, B, C, E
Also acute tubular necrosis
Which of the following is not a common complication associated with burn injuries?
A) Sepsis
B) Smoke inhalation injury
C) Hyperglycemia
D) Stress response - answer>>C) Hyperglycemia
Cover area to prevent infections
How is direct tissue injury caused in acute burn injuries?
A) Direct tissue injury → leukocyte sequestration → endothelial injury → capillary repair
B) Endothelial injury → leukocyte sequestration → direct tissue injury → acidosis
C) Increased capillary permeability → endothelial injury → leukocyte sequestration → tissue
injury
D) Increased capillary permeability → tissue injury → endothelial repair → leukocyte
sequestration - answer>>C) Increased capillary permeability → endothelial injury → leukocyte
sequestration → tissue injury
What is the correct sequence of events in the systemic injury response to acute burn injury?
,A) Edema → increased capillary permeability → tissue ischemia → cardiac function
improvement
B) Increased capillary permeability → edema → tissue ischemia → worsened acidosis,
cardiac function, and organ dysfunction
C) Tissue ischemia → increased capillary permeability → cardiac function improvement →
organ dysfunction
D) Cardiac dysfunction → organ dysfunction → edema → tissue ischemia - answer>>B)
Increased capillary permeability → edema → tissue ischemia → worsened acidosis, cardiac
function, and organ dysfunction
What are the consequences of edema in acute burn injuries?
A) Hyperkalemia and fluid retention
B) Increased oxygen delivery and reduced acidosis
C) Improved cardiac function and tissue perfusion
D) Hypovolemia and hyper-viscosity - answer>>D) Hypovolemia and hyper-viscosity Further
exacerbates tissue ischemia
What is the primary cause of tissue ischemia in pressure ulcers?
A) External pressure and shear forces obstructing blood flow
B) Excessive fluid retention in the skin layers
C) Overproduction of collagen in the dermis
D) Hyperviscosity of blood due to dehydration - answer>>A) External pressure and shear forces
obstructing blood flow
Obstructed blood flow leads to ishcemia to skin
What type of damage occurs at the dermis-epidermis interface in pressure ulcers?
A) Necrosis of underlying muscle tissues
B) Frictional damage leading to separation of skin layers
C) Excessive production of keratinocytes
D) Formation of blisters due to fluid accumulation - answer>>B) Frictional damage leading to
separation of skin layers
,How does immobility contribute to pressure ulcer formation?
A) By increasing blood flow to pressure points
B) By enhancing the elasticity of the dermis-epidermis interface
C) By stimulating rapid skin cell turnover
D) By preventing adequate pressure redistribution - answer>>D) By preventing adequate
pressure redistribution
Which of the following is an appropriate intervention for treating pressure ulcers?
A) Applying pressure to the affected area to stimulate blood flow
B) Keeping the area clean and reducing pressure on the site
C) Avoiding cleansing of the ulcer to allow natural healing
D) Administering high doses of antibiotics as the first step - answer>>B) Keeping the area clean
and reducing pressure on the site
What is the primary purpose of maggot therapy?
A) To stimulate new tissue growth
B) To prevent bacterial colonization on healthy tissue
C) To remove necrotic, sloughy, and/or infected tissue
D) To deliver antibiotics to the wound site - answer>>C) To remove necrotic, sloughy, and/or
infected tissue
Microsurgery
What characteristic makes maggots used in therapy safe for medical use?
A) They are sterile and specifically grown in laboratories
B) They are sourced from natural environments
C) They are genetically modified to consume only bacteria
D) They secrete enzymes that sterilize the wound - answer>>A) They are sterile and specifically
grown in laboratories
, How does VAC therapy promote wound healing?
A) By using positive pressure to close the wound
B) By creating a moist environment to encourage bacterial growth
C) By applying controlled negative pressure to the wound
D) By eliminating the need for traditional wound dressings - answer>>C) By applying controlled
negative pressure to the wound
Which of the following is NOT a function of VAC therapy?
A) Removing fluids and reducing swelling
B) Delivering antibiotic solutions to the wound site
C) Stimulating tissue growth
D) Improving blood flow to the wound - answer>>B) Delivering antibiotic solutions to the wound
site
Match each degree of frost bite to the correct description.
1. First degree
2. Second degree
3. Third degree
4. Fourth degree
A) Affects the epidermis, dermis and fatty tissue beneath the dermis
B) Affects the epidermis
C) Affects the full thickness, the tissue that lie underneath the skin and also deeper structures
such as muscles, tendons and bone
D) May affect the epidermis and part of the dermis - answer>>1. B
2. D
3. A
4. C
Make tissue warm ASAP
COMPLETE EXAM LATEST VERSION 2026-2027 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Which of the following are systemic effects of burns? (SATA)
A) Fluid shifts (intravascular to interstitial)
B) Hypovolemic shock
C) Myoglobinuria
D) Blood loss
E) Hyperkalemia - answer>>A, B, C, E
Also acute tubular necrosis
Which of the following is not a common complication associated with burn injuries?
A) Sepsis
B) Smoke inhalation injury
C) Hyperglycemia
D) Stress response - answer>>C) Hyperglycemia
Cover area to prevent infections
How is direct tissue injury caused in acute burn injuries?
A) Direct tissue injury → leukocyte sequestration → endothelial injury → capillary repair
B) Endothelial injury → leukocyte sequestration → direct tissue injury → acidosis
C) Increased capillary permeability → endothelial injury → leukocyte sequestration → tissue
injury
D) Increased capillary permeability → tissue injury → endothelial repair → leukocyte
sequestration - answer>>C) Increased capillary permeability → endothelial injury → leukocyte
sequestration → tissue injury
What is the correct sequence of events in the systemic injury response to acute burn injury?
,A) Edema → increased capillary permeability → tissue ischemia → cardiac function
improvement
B) Increased capillary permeability → edema → tissue ischemia → worsened acidosis,
cardiac function, and organ dysfunction
C) Tissue ischemia → increased capillary permeability → cardiac function improvement →
organ dysfunction
D) Cardiac dysfunction → organ dysfunction → edema → tissue ischemia - answer>>B)
Increased capillary permeability → edema → tissue ischemia → worsened acidosis, cardiac
function, and organ dysfunction
What are the consequences of edema in acute burn injuries?
A) Hyperkalemia and fluid retention
B) Increased oxygen delivery and reduced acidosis
C) Improved cardiac function and tissue perfusion
D) Hypovolemia and hyper-viscosity - answer>>D) Hypovolemia and hyper-viscosity Further
exacerbates tissue ischemia
What is the primary cause of tissue ischemia in pressure ulcers?
A) External pressure and shear forces obstructing blood flow
B) Excessive fluid retention in the skin layers
C) Overproduction of collagen in the dermis
D) Hyperviscosity of blood due to dehydration - answer>>A) External pressure and shear forces
obstructing blood flow
Obstructed blood flow leads to ishcemia to skin
What type of damage occurs at the dermis-epidermis interface in pressure ulcers?
A) Necrosis of underlying muscle tissues
B) Frictional damage leading to separation of skin layers
C) Excessive production of keratinocytes
D) Formation of blisters due to fluid accumulation - answer>>B) Frictional damage leading to
separation of skin layers
,How does immobility contribute to pressure ulcer formation?
A) By increasing blood flow to pressure points
B) By enhancing the elasticity of the dermis-epidermis interface
C) By stimulating rapid skin cell turnover
D) By preventing adequate pressure redistribution - answer>>D) By preventing adequate
pressure redistribution
Which of the following is an appropriate intervention for treating pressure ulcers?
A) Applying pressure to the affected area to stimulate blood flow
B) Keeping the area clean and reducing pressure on the site
C) Avoiding cleansing of the ulcer to allow natural healing
D) Administering high doses of antibiotics as the first step - answer>>B) Keeping the area clean
and reducing pressure on the site
What is the primary purpose of maggot therapy?
A) To stimulate new tissue growth
B) To prevent bacterial colonization on healthy tissue
C) To remove necrotic, sloughy, and/or infected tissue
D) To deliver antibiotics to the wound site - answer>>C) To remove necrotic, sloughy, and/or
infected tissue
Microsurgery
What characteristic makes maggots used in therapy safe for medical use?
A) They are sterile and specifically grown in laboratories
B) They are sourced from natural environments
C) They are genetically modified to consume only bacteria
D) They secrete enzymes that sterilize the wound - answer>>A) They are sterile and specifically
grown in laboratories
, How does VAC therapy promote wound healing?
A) By using positive pressure to close the wound
B) By creating a moist environment to encourage bacterial growth
C) By applying controlled negative pressure to the wound
D) By eliminating the need for traditional wound dressings - answer>>C) By applying controlled
negative pressure to the wound
Which of the following is NOT a function of VAC therapy?
A) Removing fluids and reducing swelling
B) Delivering antibiotic solutions to the wound site
C) Stimulating tissue growth
D) Improving blood flow to the wound - answer>>B) Delivering antibiotic solutions to the wound
site
Match each degree of frost bite to the correct description.
1. First degree
2. Second degree
3. Third degree
4. Fourth degree
A) Affects the epidermis, dermis and fatty tissue beneath the dermis
B) Affects the epidermis
C) Affects the full thickness, the tissue that lie underneath the skin and also deeper structures
such as muscles, tendons and bone
D) May affect the epidermis and part of the dermis - answer>>1. B
2. D
3. A
4. C
Make tissue warm ASAP
