BIOL 351 FINAL EXAM | FROM QUESTION TO PERFECTION|
STUDY WITH CONFIDENCE!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027.
Duration: 2 Hours.
Total Marks: 100.
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, When did the Earth form? Answer: 4.6 billion years ago
When did life arise? Answer: 3.6 billion years ago
What may be a remnant of the early form of chemiosmosis? Answer: FeS based metabolism
used by some archaea
Fossil evidence places evolution of cyanobacteria and oxygenic photosynthesis to about
_________ years ago. Answer: 3 billion
Stromatolites Answer: layered rocks formed by incorporation of mineral sediments into
microbial mat
What are the three domains that microorganisms are divided into and what is the division based
on? Answer: - Bacteria
- Archaea
- Eukarya
based on a comparison of ribosomal RNA
Prokaryotic cells Answer: lack a true membrane-delimited nucleus
Eukaryotic cells Answer: have a membrane-enclosed nucleus, are more complex
morphologically and are usually larger than prokaryotic cells
Most microbes are: Answer: unicellular and microscopically sized
What is the simplest and smallest "organism?" Answer: mycoplasmas - gram positive bacterium
About how many cells are in an isolated colony? Answer: 100 million or 10^8
Are all microbes unicellular? Answer: No, some are not unicellular
Taxonomy Answer: - identify and name different organisms
- define groups based on relatedness among the different organisms
- either morphological or molecular relatedness
Binomial system of nomenclature Answer: each organism has 2 names
- genus same is italicized and capitalized
- species epithet is italicized but not capitalized
Order of taxonomic ranks Answer: Domain, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Phylogeny Answer: - evolutionary development of a species
- usually based on direct comparison of genetic material and gene products
- use rRNA nucleotide sequences to assess evolutionary relatedness of organisms
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
STUDY WITH CONFIDENCE!
Course Code:
Course Title:
Programme:
Academic Year: 2026/2027.
Duration: 2 Hours.
Total Marks: 100.
Candidate Instructions:
1) Write your Registration Number on every answer booklet used.
2) Answer ALL questions in Section A and ANY TWO (2) questions in Section B.
3) Read each question carefully before answering.
4) Begin each question on a new page.
5) The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
6) This paper consists of several printed pages, including this page.
7) Ensure your copy is complete before the examination begins.
8) Unauthorized materials and communication with other candidates are not permitted.
Turn Over.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
, When did the Earth form? Answer: 4.6 billion years ago
When did life arise? Answer: 3.6 billion years ago
What may be a remnant of the early form of chemiosmosis? Answer: FeS based metabolism
used by some archaea
Fossil evidence places evolution of cyanobacteria and oxygenic photosynthesis to about
_________ years ago. Answer: 3 billion
Stromatolites Answer: layered rocks formed by incorporation of mineral sediments into
microbial mat
What are the three domains that microorganisms are divided into and what is the division based
on? Answer: - Bacteria
- Archaea
- Eukarya
based on a comparison of ribosomal RNA
Prokaryotic cells Answer: lack a true membrane-delimited nucleus
Eukaryotic cells Answer: have a membrane-enclosed nucleus, are more complex
morphologically and are usually larger than prokaryotic cells
Most microbes are: Answer: unicellular and microscopically sized
What is the simplest and smallest "organism?" Answer: mycoplasmas - gram positive bacterium
About how many cells are in an isolated colony? Answer: 100 million or 10^8
Are all microbes unicellular? Answer: No, some are not unicellular
Taxonomy Answer: - identify and name different organisms
- define groups based on relatedness among the different organisms
- either morphological or molecular relatedness
Binomial system of nomenclature Answer: each organism has 2 names
- genus same is italicized and capitalized
- species epithet is italicized but not capitalized
Order of taxonomic ranks Answer: Domain, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Phylogeny Answer: - evolutionary development of a species
- usually based on direct comparison of genetic material and gene products
- use rRNA nucleotide sequences to assess evolutionary relatedness of organisms
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
