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, accountability The use of assessment results and other data to ensure that schools are moving
in desired directions; common elements include standards, indicators of
progress toward meeting those standards, analysis of data, reporting
procedures, and rewards or sanctions
adaptations A generalized term that describes a change made in the presentation, setting,
response, or timing or scheduling of an assessment that may or may not
change the construct of the assessment
adequate yearly progress A provision of the federal No Child Left Behind (NCLB, 2001) legislation
requiring schools, districts, and states to demonstrate that students are making
academic progress based on test scores; each state was required by NCLB to
submit by January 31, 2003, a specific plan for monitoring AYP
algorithm The steps, processes, or procedures used for solving a problem or reaching a
goal
assessment The process of collecting data for the purpose of (1) specifying and verifying
problems, and (2) making decisions about students
basal That item in a test below which it is assumed the student will get all items
correct
capacity building Working with systems (community agencies, schools, families, churches,
businesses, related services personnel) to help enhance student competence
ceiling That item in a test above which it is assumed the student will fail all items
classification A type of decision that concerns a pupil's eligibility for special services, special
education services, remedial education services, speech services, etc.
competence enhancement Helping students build those skills and behaviors that enable them to meet
standards or achieve desired outcomes; basically, this involves helping students
get better at what they do
consultation A meeting between a resource teacher or other specialist and a classroom
teacher to verify the existence of a problem, specify the nature of the problem,
and develop strategies that might relieve the problem
curriculum-based assessment Use of assessment materials and procedures that mirror instruction in order to
ascertain whether specific instructional objectives have been accomplished,
and monitor progress directly in the curriculum being taught