MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2026 UPDATE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY
GRADED A+ (BRAND NEW VISION)
Which of the following is not a factor that affects germicidal activity?
A. the material being treated
B. the length of exposure
C. the strength of germicide
D. the microorganism being treated
E. all of these are factors - ANS-E. all of these are factors
Alcohols:
A. dissolve membrane lipids at concentrations of greater than 50%
B. can be used for disinfection or antisepsis
C. are skin degerming agents
D. are limited in effectiveness due to rapid evaporation
E. all the choices are correct - ANS-E. all the choices are correct
Heavy metals work by:
A. rupturing the cell membrane
B. inactivating proteins
C. binding to the DNA
D. dissolving the cell wall
E. mutating DNA - ANS-B. inactivating proteins
,(T/F) Building block molecules for biosynthetic pathways come from the cell's catabolic
pathways and from the environment. - ANS-True
(T/F) Microbes can utilize only carbohydrates for energy. - ANS-False
(T/F) The smallest unit of heredity is a chromosome. - ANS-False
(T/F Spontaneous mutations result from errors in DNA replication. - ANS-True
(T/F) Repressible operons are normally turned on in the cell. - ANS-True
(T/F) All mutations are detrimental to the cell. - ANS-False
(T/F) Cell-to-cell contact is required for transduction to occur. - ANS-False; transduction is the
transfer of genetic material from one organism (as a bacterium) to another by a genetic vector
and especially a bacteriophage
(T/F) Sexual reproduction is the only mechanism for genetic change. - ANS-False
(T/F) The term biotechnology refers exclusively to the use of genetically modified organisms for
the production of desired products. - ANS-False; biotechnology is the manipulation (as through
genetic engineering) of living organisms or their components to produce useful usually
commercial products
(T/F) When a control agent targets the metabolic processes of microbial cells, active younger
cells typically die more rapidly than older cells. - ANS-True
(T/F) Isoproply alcohol wiped across the skin site can sterilize it. - ANS-False
,Which of the following types of microorganisms does not contain members known to cause
disease?
A. bacteria
B. protozoa
C. virus
D. fungi
E. Archaea - ANS-E. Archaea
Place in order from smallest to largest:
virus, helmnith, bacteria, protozoan - ANS-virus
bacteria
protozoan
helminth
Order the following based on level of resistance from MOST to LEAST resistant:
fungi, prions, protozoan cysts, bacterial endospores, enveloped viruses, most gram-negative
bacteria, most gram-positive bacteria - ANS-prions
bacterial endospores
protozoan cysts
gram-negative bacteria
fungi
gram-positive bacteria
enveloped viruses
(T/F) Bacteria are eukaryotic. - ANS-False
, Which of the five I's of microbiology may involve the streak plate method?
A. inspection
B. isolation
C. incubation
D. inoculation
E. identification - ANS-B. isolation
What does Streptococcus pyogenes look like under a microscope?
A. chains of rods
B. single spheres
C. single rods
D. cluster of rods
E. cluster of spheres
F. chains of spheres - ANS-F. chains of spheres
(T/F) Gram-negative bacteria appear pink following the gram staining protocol. - ANS-True
Metallic green colonies have formed in a culture where no other bacterial species have formed
this color of colony. What type of media is this best described as?
A. chemically defined media
B. complex media
C. selective media
D. differential media - ANS-D. differential media
The major difference between gram+ and gram- cells would be found in their:
A. nucleus
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY
GRADED A+ (BRAND NEW VISION)
Which of the following is not a factor that affects germicidal activity?
A. the material being treated
B. the length of exposure
C. the strength of germicide
D. the microorganism being treated
E. all of these are factors - ANS-E. all of these are factors
Alcohols:
A. dissolve membrane lipids at concentrations of greater than 50%
B. can be used for disinfection or antisepsis
C. are skin degerming agents
D. are limited in effectiveness due to rapid evaporation
E. all the choices are correct - ANS-E. all the choices are correct
Heavy metals work by:
A. rupturing the cell membrane
B. inactivating proteins
C. binding to the DNA
D. dissolving the cell wall
E. mutating DNA - ANS-B. inactivating proteins
,(T/F) Building block molecules for biosynthetic pathways come from the cell's catabolic
pathways and from the environment. - ANS-True
(T/F) Microbes can utilize only carbohydrates for energy. - ANS-False
(T/F) The smallest unit of heredity is a chromosome. - ANS-False
(T/F Spontaneous mutations result from errors in DNA replication. - ANS-True
(T/F) Repressible operons are normally turned on in the cell. - ANS-True
(T/F) All mutations are detrimental to the cell. - ANS-False
(T/F) Cell-to-cell contact is required for transduction to occur. - ANS-False; transduction is the
transfer of genetic material from one organism (as a bacterium) to another by a genetic vector
and especially a bacteriophage
(T/F) Sexual reproduction is the only mechanism for genetic change. - ANS-False
(T/F) The term biotechnology refers exclusively to the use of genetically modified organisms for
the production of desired products. - ANS-False; biotechnology is the manipulation (as through
genetic engineering) of living organisms or their components to produce useful usually
commercial products
(T/F) When a control agent targets the metabolic processes of microbial cells, active younger
cells typically die more rapidly than older cells. - ANS-True
(T/F) Isoproply alcohol wiped across the skin site can sterilize it. - ANS-False
,Which of the following types of microorganisms does not contain members known to cause
disease?
A. bacteria
B. protozoa
C. virus
D. fungi
E. Archaea - ANS-E. Archaea
Place in order from smallest to largest:
virus, helmnith, bacteria, protozoan - ANS-virus
bacteria
protozoan
helminth
Order the following based on level of resistance from MOST to LEAST resistant:
fungi, prions, protozoan cysts, bacterial endospores, enveloped viruses, most gram-negative
bacteria, most gram-positive bacteria - ANS-prions
bacterial endospores
protozoan cysts
gram-negative bacteria
fungi
gram-positive bacteria
enveloped viruses
(T/F) Bacteria are eukaryotic. - ANS-False
, Which of the five I's of microbiology may involve the streak plate method?
A. inspection
B. isolation
C. incubation
D. inoculation
E. identification - ANS-B. isolation
What does Streptococcus pyogenes look like under a microscope?
A. chains of rods
B. single spheres
C. single rods
D. cluster of rods
E. cluster of spheres
F. chains of spheres - ANS-F. chains of spheres
(T/F) Gram-negative bacteria appear pink following the gram staining protocol. - ANS-True
Metallic green colonies have formed in a culture where no other bacterial species have formed
this color of colony. What type of media is this best described as?
A. chemically defined media
B. complex media
C. selective media
D. differential media - ANS-D. differential media
The major difference between gram+ and gram- cells would be found in their:
A. nucleus
