NR 228 FINAL EXAM LATEST 2026-
Chamberlain College Of Nursing
Course
NR 228
1. A nurse is teaching a client about carbohydrates. Which statement by the client indicates
correct understanding?
A. “Carbohydrates are primarily used to build antibodies.”
B. “Carbohydrates are an important source of energy.”
C. “Carbohydrates are required only for tissue repair.”
D. “Carbohydrates are the body's primary source of vitamins.”
Answer: B. “Carbohydrates are an important source of energy.”
Rationale: Carbohydrates are a major energy source, particularly for the brain and working
muscles. Excess carbohydrate can also be stored as glycogen.
2. Which nutrient provides the greatest amount of energy per gram?
A. Carbohydrate
B. Protein
C. Fat
D. Water
Answer: C. Fat
Rationale: Fat provides approximately 9 kcal/g, while carbohydrates and proteins provide
approximately 4 kcal/g. Water provides no calories.
3. A client asks why protein is important in the diet. Which response by the nurse is most
appropriate?
A. “Protein is used primarily to regulate body temperature.”
B. “Protein supports tissue growth, maintenance, and repair.”
C. “Protein provides no energy to the body.”
D. “Protein is needed only during childhood.”
Answer: B. “Protein supports tissue growth, maintenance, and repair.”
Rationale: Protein provides amino acids needed for tissue synthesis, enzymes, hormones,
immune components, and other physiologic functions.
4. Which food is the best example of a complete protein source?
A. White rice
B. Apple
,C. Eggs
D. Olive oil
Answer: C. Eggs
Rationale: Eggs contain all nine essential amino acids in adequate proportions and are
considered a complete protein.
5. A nurse is teaching about dietary fiber. Which statement is correct?
A. “Fiber is completely digested in the stomach.”
B. “Fiber can support normal bowel function.”
C. “Fiber should always be eliminated from the diet.”
D. “Fiber provides more calories than dietary fat.”
Answer: B. “Fiber can support normal bowel function.”
Rationale: Dietary fiber contributes to bowel regularity and can help support gastrointestinal
health. Adequate fluid intake is also important when increasing fiber.
6. Which food is highest in dietary fiber?
A. White bread
B. Brown rice
C. Butter
D. Chicken breast
Answer: B. Brown rice
Rationale: Whole grains such as brown rice retain more of the grain's natural components and
generally contain more fiber than refined grains.
7. Which vitamin is especially important for calcium absorption and bone health?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin B12
D. Vitamin K
Answer: B. Vitamin D
Rationale: Vitamin D promotes intestinal calcium absorption and contributes to normal bone
mineralization.
8. A client asks which food is a good source of vitamin C. Which food should the nurse
recommend?
, A. Orange
B. Butter
C. Chicken
D. White rice
Answer: A. Orange
Rationale: Citrus fruits such as oranges are excellent sources of vitamin C, which supports
collagen synthesis, wound healing, and immune function.
9. Which mineral is essential for hemoglobin production?
A. Iron
B. Sodium
C. Fluoride
D. Potassium
Answer: A. Iron
Rationale: Iron is a component of hemoglobin and is necessary for oxygen transport in the
blood.
10. A client reports fatigue and follows a diet containing very little iron. Which finding
would be most concerning for iron-deficiency anemia?
A. Increased appetite
B. Pallor and weakness
C. Increased urinary output
D. Warm, flushed skin
Answer: B. Pallor and weakness
Rationale: Iron deficiency can impair hemoglobin production and oxygen-carrying capacity,
contributing to fatigue, weakness, and pallor.
11. Which nutrient is most directly associated with maintaining fluid balance and nerve and
muscle function?
A. Sodium
B. Vitamin C
C. Protein
D. Vitamin A
Answer: A. Sodium
Rationale: Sodium is an important extracellular electrolyte involved in fluid balance, nerve
transmission, and muscle contraction.
Chamberlain College Of Nursing
Course
NR 228
1. A nurse is teaching a client about carbohydrates. Which statement by the client indicates
correct understanding?
A. “Carbohydrates are primarily used to build antibodies.”
B. “Carbohydrates are an important source of energy.”
C. “Carbohydrates are required only for tissue repair.”
D. “Carbohydrates are the body's primary source of vitamins.”
Answer: B. “Carbohydrates are an important source of energy.”
Rationale: Carbohydrates are a major energy source, particularly for the brain and working
muscles. Excess carbohydrate can also be stored as glycogen.
2. Which nutrient provides the greatest amount of energy per gram?
A. Carbohydrate
B. Protein
C. Fat
D. Water
Answer: C. Fat
Rationale: Fat provides approximately 9 kcal/g, while carbohydrates and proteins provide
approximately 4 kcal/g. Water provides no calories.
3. A client asks why protein is important in the diet. Which response by the nurse is most
appropriate?
A. “Protein is used primarily to regulate body temperature.”
B. “Protein supports tissue growth, maintenance, and repair.”
C. “Protein provides no energy to the body.”
D. “Protein is needed only during childhood.”
Answer: B. “Protein supports tissue growth, maintenance, and repair.”
Rationale: Protein provides amino acids needed for tissue synthesis, enzymes, hormones,
immune components, and other physiologic functions.
4. Which food is the best example of a complete protein source?
A. White rice
B. Apple
,C. Eggs
D. Olive oil
Answer: C. Eggs
Rationale: Eggs contain all nine essential amino acids in adequate proportions and are
considered a complete protein.
5. A nurse is teaching about dietary fiber. Which statement is correct?
A. “Fiber is completely digested in the stomach.”
B. “Fiber can support normal bowel function.”
C. “Fiber should always be eliminated from the diet.”
D. “Fiber provides more calories than dietary fat.”
Answer: B. “Fiber can support normal bowel function.”
Rationale: Dietary fiber contributes to bowel regularity and can help support gastrointestinal
health. Adequate fluid intake is also important when increasing fiber.
6. Which food is highest in dietary fiber?
A. White bread
B. Brown rice
C. Butter
D. Chicken breast
Answer: B. Brown rice
Rationale: Whole grains such as brown rice retain more of the grain's natural components and
generally contain more fiber than refined grains.
7. Which vitamin is especially important for calcium absorption and bone health?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin B12
D. Vitamin K
Answer: B. Vitamin D
Rationale: Vitamin D promotes intestinal calcium absorption and contributes to normal bone
mineralization.
8. A client asks which food is a good source of vitamin C. Which food should the nurse
recommend?
, A. Orange
B. Butter
C. Chicken
D. White rice
Answer: A. Orange
Rationale: Citrus fruits such as oranges are excellent sources of vitamin C, which supports
collagen synthesis, wound healing, and immune function.
9. Which mineral is essential for hemoglobin production?
A. Iron
B. Sodium
C. Fluoride
D. Potassium
Answer: A. Iron
Rationale: Iron is a component of hemoglobin and is necessary for oxygen transport in the
blood.
10. A client reports fatigue and follows a diet containing very little iron. Which finding
would be most concerning for iron-deficiency anemia?
A. Increased appetite
B. Pallor and weakness
C. Increased urinary output
D. Warm, flushed skin
Answer: B. Pallor and weakness
Rationale: Iron deficiency can impair hemoglobin production and oxygen-carrying capacity,
contributing to fatigue, weakness, and pallor.
11. Which nutrient is most directly associated with maintaining fluid balance and nerve and
muscle function?
A. Sodium
B. Vitamin C
C. Protein
D. Vitamin A
Answer: A. Sodium
Rationale: Sodium is an important extracellular electrolyte involved in fluid balance, nerve
transmission, and muscle contraction.
