BIOS 256 Final Exam (Latest
2026): Chamberlain College of
Nursing
Course
BIOS 256
1. Which structure is primarily responsible for filtering blood and forming urine?
A. Ureter
B. Kidney
C. Urinary bladder
D. Urethra
Answer: B. Kidney
Rationale: The kidneys filter blood, regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, remove metabolic
wastes, and produce urine.
2. What is the functional unit of the kidney?
A. Nephron
B. Alveolus
C. Sarcomere
D. Neuron
Answer: A. Nephron
Rationale: The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney and performs filtration, reabsorption,
and secretion.
3. Where does filtration of blood occur in the nephron?
A. Collecting duct
B. Glomerulus
C. Loop of Henle
D. Distal convoluted tubule
Answer: B. Glomerulus
Rationale: Blood is filtered from the glomerular capillaries into Bowman's capsule, producing
the initial filtrate.
4. Which structure surrounds the glomerulus and receives the filtrate?
, A. Renal pelvis
B. Bowman's capsule
C. Ureter
D. Collecting duct
Answer: B. Bowman's capsule
Rationale: Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerulus and collects the fluid filtered from the
blood.
5. Which substance normally remains in the blood rather than entering the filtrate in
significant amounts?
A. Water
B. Glucose
C. Sodium ions
D. Large plasma proteins
Answer: D. Large plasma proteins
Rationale: The filtration barrier normally prevents most large plasma proteins and blood cells
from entering the filtrate.
6. Where does the greatest amount of tubular reabsorption occur?
A. Proximal convoluted tubule
B. Collecting duct
C. Renal pelvis
D. Ureter
Answer: A. Proximal convoluted tubule
Rationale: The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs large amounts of water, electrolytes,
glucose, amino acids, and other useful substances.
7. Which hormone increases water reabsorption by the kidneys?
A. Insulin
B. Antidiuretic hormone
C. Thyroxine
D. Calcitonin
Answer: B. Antidiuretic hormone
Rationale: ADH increases water permeability of the collecting ducts, allowing more water to be
reabsorbed and producing more concentrated urine.
8. Where is antidiuretic hormone produced?
2026): Chamberlain College of
Nursing
Course
BIOS 256
1. Which structure is primarily responsible for filtering blood and forming urine?
A. Ureter
B. Kidney
C. Urinary bladder
D. Urethra
Answer: B. Kidney
Rationale: The kidneys filter blood, regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, remove metabolic
wastes, and produce urine.
2. What is the functional unit of the kidney?
A. Nephron
B. Alveolus
C. Sarcomere
D. Neuron
Answer: A. Nephron
Rationale: The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney and performs filtration, reabsorption,
and secretion.
3. Where does filtration of blood occur in the nephron?
A. Collecting duct
B. Glomerulus
C. Loop of Henle
D. Distal convoluted tubule
Answer: B. Glomerulus
Rationale: Blood is filtered from the glomerular capillaries into Bowman's capsule, producing
the initial filtrate.
4. Which structure surrounds the glomerulus and receives the filtrate?
, A. Renal pelvis
B. Bowman's capsule
C. Ureter
D. Collecting duct
Answer: B. Bowman's capsule
Rationale: Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerulus and collects the fluid filtered from the
blood.
5. Which substance normally remains in the blood rather than entering the filtrate in
significant amounts?
A. Water
B. Glucose
C. Sodium ions
D. Large plasma proteins
Answer: D. Large plasma proteins
Rationale: The filtration barrier normally prevents most large plasma proteins and blood cells
from entering the filtrate.
6. Where does the greatest amount of tubular reabsorption occur?
A. Proximal convoluted tubule
B. Collecting duct
C. Renal pelvis
D. Ureter
Answer: A. Proximal convoluted tubule
Rationale: The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs large amounts of water, electrolytes,
glucose, amino acids, and other useful substances.
7. Which hormone increases water reabsorption by the kidneys?
A. Insulin
B. Antidiuretic hormone
C. Thyroxine
D. Calcitonin
Answer: B. Antidiuretic hormone
Rationale: ADH increases water permeability of the collecting ducts, allowing more water to be
reabsorbed and producing more concentrated urine.
8. Where is antidiuretic hormone produced?
