NUR 521 Exam 4 Blueprint Practice Questions and Answers | 2026 Updated | 100% Correct - University of Alabama.

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andAnswers | 2026 Updated | 100% Correct -
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University of Alabama.
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Exam4BlueprintPracticeQuestions 9 99 99 99




Section1:BasicQuestionsAbout Antifungals
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Question1 Whichof thefollowing isan opportunistic systemicfungal infection?
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• A) Sporotrichosis 99




• B) Aspergillosis 99




• C) Blastomycosis 99




• D) Histoplasmosis 99




Answer: B Rationale: Opportunistic systemic fungal infections occur in immunocompromised
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patients and include Aspergillosis, Candidiasis, Cryptococcosis, and Mucormycosis. Non-
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opportunisticinfections,suchassporotrichosis, blastomycosis,andhistoplasmosis,affecthealthy
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individuals.
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Question 2 What is thedrug of choice (DOC) formost systemic fungal infections?
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• A) Fluconazole 99




• B) Amphotericin B 99 99




• C) Itraconazole 99




• D) Ketoconazole 99




Answer: B Rationale:Amphotericin Bisthe DOC for most systemic fungalinfections dueto its broad-
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spectrum antifungal activity, despite its high toxicity.
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Question 3Whichantifungaliseffectiveagainstbothsystemicandsuperficialfungal infections
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but has a black box warning for patients with heart failure?
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• A) Amphotericin B 99 99




• B) Itraconazole 99




• C) Fluconazole 99




• D) Terbinafine 99




Answer: B Rationale: Itraconazole is effective for both systemic and superficial fungal infections
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buthasaBBWduetoitsnegativeinotropiceffects, contraindicatingitsuseinpatients with heart failure.
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Question 4 Whichantifungalisprimarily used to treatsuperficialfungal infections, suchas
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candidiasis?
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,• A) Amphotericin B
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• B) Fluconazole
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• C) Itraconazole
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• D) Ketoconazole
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,Answer: B Rationale: Fluconazole is a commonly prescribed antifungal for superficial
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infections like candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis.
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Question 5 Which organism is responsible for the majority of cases of superficial fungal
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infections?
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• A) Candida albicans 99 g 99 g


• B) Aspergillus spp. g
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• C) Cryptococcus neoformans
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• D) Mucorales spp. g
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Answer: A Rationale: Candida albicans is a common cause of superficial fungal infections,
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particularly involving mucosal surfaces, skin, and nails.
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Question 6 What is the primary safety concern associated with Amphotericin B?
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• A) Hepatotoxicity 99 g


• B) Nephrotoxicity and infusion reactions
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• C) Cardiotoxicity 99 g


• D) Ototoxicity 99 g




Answer: B Rationale: Amphotericin B has significant nephrotoxicity and infusion-related
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reactions, limiting its use to life-threatening fungal infections.
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Question 7 Which antifungal is the DOC for histoplasmosis and blastomycosis?
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• A) Amphotericin B 99 g 99 g


• B) Fluconazole 99 g


• C) Itraconazole 99 g


• D) Ketoconazole 99 g




Answer: C Rationale: Itraconazole is the preferred agent for non-opportunistic systemic infections
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such as histoplasmosis and blastomycosis.
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Question 8 What is the recommended antifungal for cryptococcal meningitis?
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• A) Amphotericin B 99 g 99 g


• B) Itraconazole 99 g


• C) Fluconazole 99 g


• D) Terbinafine 99 g




Answer: C Rationale: Fluconazole is effective in treating cryptococcal meningitis, particularly
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in immunocompromised patients.
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Question 9 Which antifungal carries the highest risk for systemic toxicity and is reserved
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for life-threatening infections?
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, • A) Fluconazole 99 g


• B) Amphotericin B 99 g 99 g


• C) Itraconazole 99 g


• D) Voriconazole 99 g




Answer: B Rationale: Amphotericin B is highly effective but carries a significant risk of nephrotoxicity
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and other adverse effects, making it reserved for severe infections.
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Question 10 What is the mechanism of action of Azole antifungals like Itraconazole and
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Fluconazole?
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• A) Inhibit DNA synthesis g
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• B) Inhibit cell wall synthesis g
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• C) Inhibit ergosterol synthesis in fungal cell membranes
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• D) Disrupt protein synthesis g
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Answer: C Rationale: Azole antifungals inhibit the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of
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fungal cell membranes, disrupting fungal growth and survival.
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Section 2: Patient Scenarios g
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Question 11 A 55-year-old construction worker presents with pulmonary infiltrates and weight
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loss. A biopsy confirms Histoplasma capsulatum. Which antifungal is the DOC for this systemic
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infection?
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• A) Amphotericin B 99 g 99 g


• B) Itraconazole 99 g


• C) Fluconazole 99 g


• D) Ketoconazole 99 g




Answer: B Rationale: Itraconazole is the preferred antifungal for treating systemic infections like
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histoplasmosis, offering a less toxic alternative to Amphotericin B.
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Question 12 A 65-year-old diabetic man presents with fever, cough, and hemoptysis. Imaging
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reveals lung nodules, and culture grows Aspergillus fumigatus. Which antifungal is most
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appropriate?
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• A) Fluconazole 99 g


• B) Amphotericin B 99 g 99 g


• C) Itraconazole 99 g


• D) Ketoconazole 99 g




Answer: B Rationale: Amphotericin B is the DOC for systemic aspergillosis due to its broad-
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spectrum activity and efficacy in life-threatening infections.
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