Nsg 3600 Peds Exam 2 - Exam 2 Notes Exam Questions And Correct Answers With Rationale

NSG 3600 PEDS EXAM 2 - EXAM 2
NOTES EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALE

PEDIATRICS (GALEN COLLEGE OF N
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URSING)

, Peds Exam 2 Study Guide nx nx nx nx




Heart Chambers:
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• Right Atrium (Collecting chamber) -
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Peripheral venous return from the superior & inferior vena cava & coronary sinus (70% O2 Sa
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t).
• Right Ventricle (Pumping chamber) -
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Receives blood from the RA thru the tricuspid valves, th
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en pumps the low O2 blood to the lungs via the pulmon
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ary artery.nx




• Left Atrium (Collecting chamber) -
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Receives fully oxygenated blood from lungs thru the
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pulmonary veins (100% O2 Sat) nx nx nx n x




• Left Ventricle (Pumping chamber) -Blood comes from
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the LA thru the bicuspid valves, then pumps it into the systemic circulation via the aorta.
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Heart Valves
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• Atrioventricular (AV) Valves nx nx




o Tricuspid (3 cusps/ “doors”) - nx nx nx nx




Connects RA to RV, opens to allow blood to flow thru to
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chambers & closes to prevent backflow nx nx nx nx nx




o Bicuspid/ Mitral Valve (2 cusps) - nx nx nx nx nx



Connects LA to LV, with same concept nx nx nx nx nx nx




• Semilunar Valves (both are tricuspid) nx nx nx nx




o Aortic Valve - nx nx



Located btwn LV & ascending aorta, prevents regu
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rgitation into LV nx nx




o Pulmonary Valve - nx nx



Located at the junction of the RV & Pulmonary Artery, prevents regurgitation into
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x RV.
Heart Vessels
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• Vena Cava -Carries blood from body into right atrium
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o Superior VC - nx nx


enters from above heart, head, arms, & upper body
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o Inferior VC - nx nx

, enters from below heart, legs, abd organs, & lower part o
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f the body
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o Pulmonary Arteries -Only artery that carries nonO2 blood
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o Pulmonary Veins -Only vein that carries O2 rich blood
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, Normal Flow nx



 Blood enters the heart thru the superior & inferior vena cava into the right atrium.
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 R atrium contracts, pushes blood thru the tricuspid into the R ventricle.
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 R ventricle contracts, sending blood through the pulmonary valve int
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o the pulmonary arteries and to the lungs for oxygenation.
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 Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the pulmonary veins into t
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he left atrium. nx nx



 Left atrium contracts, moving blood thru the mitral (bicuspid) valv
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e into the left ventricle.
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 Left ventricle contracts, pushing blood thru the aortic valve into t
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he aorta & out to the body.
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Cardiac Output (CO)
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• Amount of blood ejected from both ventricles per minute
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o CO = SV x HR nx nx nx nx




• Components of CO- SV, Contractility, HR, & Afterload nx nx nx nx nx nx nx




Stroke Volume (SV)
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• Amount of blood ejected by left ventricle each heartbeat
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o SV = Preload x Afterload x Contractility
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Preload = Fluid Volume
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• End diastolic pressure of heart when ventricle is filled w/blood
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• Amount of blood returning to the heart that “loads” it up for the next beat
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Afterload (aortic impedance/wall stress)
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• Amount of pressure that heart must work against to eject blood during systole (ventricul
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ar contraction)
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Contractility
• The force exerted at contraction, ejecting a stroke volume at a given afterload (arterial pressure)
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x& preload (end-diastolic volume)
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Goals of Therapy for Heart Diseas
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e
• Decrease Preload & Afterload nx nx nx




o Meds: Captopril (ACEs-prils), Bumetanide, Furosemide/thiazides,
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• Increase Contractility nx




o Meds: Digoxin (cardiac Glycoside), Dopamine, Dobutamine
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• Overall decreasing stress on the heart
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