NSG 448 Exam 3 V3 | NSG 448 Evidence-Based Project Capstone |
Actual Q&A with Rationale (NSG448 Exam 3) | Grand Canyon
University
1. What is the primary function of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) in the context of an
evidence-based capstone project?
A. To protect the rights and welfare of human subjects involved in research.
B. To ensure the clinical feasibility of the proposed intervention.
C. To provide funding and resources for the implementation phase.
D. To edit the final manuscript for APA formatting and grammatical errors.
Answer: A
Rationale: The IRB’s main mandate is to review research protocols to ensure ethical
standards are met. This includes verifying that risks to participants are minimized and that
informed consent is properly obtained. They serve as an administrative body that protects
vulnerable populations from potential harm during the study.
2. Which component of the PICOT question describes the result that the nurse hopes to
achieve through the intervention?
A. Outcome
B. Intervention
C. Population
D. Timeframe
Answer: A
Rationale: The ‘O’ in PICOT stands for Outcome, which represents the measurable effect or
change desired. It allows the researcher to define exactly what success looks like for the
clinical question being asked. Identifying a specific outcome is crucial for determining
which metrics will be used for data collection.
3. When conducting a literature review, which of the following is considered the highest level
of evidence?
A. Systematic reviews or meta-analyses
B. Expert opinion and consensus reports
C. Case-control studies
D. Single descriptive or qualitative studies
,Answer: A
Rationale: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses sit at the top of the evidence hierarchy
because they synthesize findings from multiple high-quality studies. They provide a more
comprehensive and reliable conclusion than any single trial could offer. This level of
evidence is preferred for making definitive clinical practice changes.
4. A nurse is using the Iowa Model to guide an EBP project. What is typically the first step
when a trigger is identified?
A. Implementing the practice change on a single unit.
B. Conducting a power analysis for sample size.
C. Determining if the topic is a priority for the organization.
D. Publishing the results in a peer-reviewed journal.
Answer: C
Rationale: The Iowa Model emphasizes that for an EBP change to be successful, it must
align with the organization’s strategic goals. After a problem-focused or knowledge-focused
trigger occurs, the team must assess organizational priority. If it is not a priority, the
project may lack the necessary support and resources to move forward.
5. In quantitative research, what does a p-value of <0.05 typically indicate?
A. The results are clinically significant but not statistically significant.
B. The null hypothesis should be accepted because there is no difference.
C. The sample size was too small to draw any meaningful conclusions.
D. The results are statistically significant and unlikely to have occurred by chance.
Answer: D
Rationale: A p-value less than 0.05 indicates that the probability of the results occurring
by chance is less than 5%. This allows researchers to reject the null hypothesis in favor of
the experimental hypothesis. It is a standard threshold used in nursing research to denote
statistical significance.
6. Which qualitative research tradition focuses on the lived experiences of individuals
regarding a specific phenomenon?
A. Grounded Theory
B. Phenomenology
C. Ethnography
D. Historical Research
Answer: B
, Rationale: Phenomenology seeks to understand the ‘essence’ of a human experience as
described by those who have lived it. Researchers using this method conduct in-depth
interviews to gather rich, narrative data. The goal is to describe how individuals perceive
and give meaning to their personal realities.
7. What is the purpose of a dissemination plan in a capstone project?
A. To hide the data from competing healthcare organizations.
B. To share findings with the broader nursing community and stakeholders.
C. To increase the personal salary of the lead researcher.
D. To ensure that the project never needs to be updated or revised.
Answer: B
Rationale: Dissemination is the process of communicating the results of an EBP project to
others to improve patient care broadly. Common methods include poster presentations,
journal publications, and staff meetings. Sharing findings ensures that new knowledge is
integrated into clinical practice beyond the local setting.
8. During the ‘Appraisal’ phase of EBP, what is meant by the ‘validity’ of a study?
A. Whether the results can be applied to any population regardless of setting.
B. The degree to which the study results are likely to be true and free from bias.
C. The length of time it took for the researchers to complete the study.
D. The number of citations the study has received in other journals.
Answer: B
Rationale: Validity refers to the rigour of the research design and how well the study
measures what it intended to measure. Internal validity looks at whether the intervention
actually caused the outcome, while external validity looks at generalizability. Appraising
validity is a core step in determining if evidence is trustworthy enough for practice change.
9. What is the role of a ‘Stakeholder’ in an evidence-based practice project?
A. Individuals or groups who are affected by or have an interest in the project.
B. A government official who regulates all nursing licenses.
C. Only the patients who are receiving the new treatment.
D. The software developer who created the hospital’s electronic health record.
Answer: A
Rationale: Stakeholders can include patients, nursing staff, hospital administrators, and
even insurance companies. Identifying and engaging them early is vital for securing buy-in
Actual Q&A with Rationale (NSG448 Exam 3) | Grand Canyon
University
1. What is the primary function of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) in the context of an
evidence-based capstone project?
A. To protect the rights and welfare of human subjects involved in research.
B. To ensure the clinical feasibility of the proposed intervention.
C. To provide funding and resources for the implementation phase.
D. To edit the final manuscript for APA formatting and grammatical errors.
Answer: A
Rationale: The IRB’s main mandate is to review research protocols to ensure ethical
standards are met. This includes verifying that risks to participants are minimized and that
informed consent is properly obtained. They serve as an administrative body that protects
vulnerable populations from potential harm during the study.
2. Which component of the PICOT question describes the result that the nurse hopes to
achieve through the intervention?
A. Outcome
B. Intervention
C. Population
D. Timeframe
Answer: A
Rationale: The ‘O’ in PICOT stands for Outcome, which represents the measurable effect or
change desired. It allows the researcher to define exactly what success looks like for the
clinical question being asked. Identifying a specific outcome is crucial for determining
which metrics will be used for data collection.
3. When conducting a literature review, which of the following is considered the highest level
of evidence?
A. Systematic reviews or meta-analyses
B. Expert opinion and consensus reports
C. Case-control studies
D. Single descriptive or qualitative studies
,Answer: A
Rationale: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses sit at the top of the evidence hierarchy
because they synthesize findings from multiple high-quality studies. They provide a more
comprehensive and reliable conclusion than any single trial could offer. This level of
evidence is preferred for making definitive clinical practice changes.
4. A nurse is using the Iowa Model to guide an EBP project. What is typically the first step
when a trigger is identified?
A. Implementing the practice change on a single unit.
B. Conducting a power analysis for sample size.
C. Determining if the topic is a priority for the organization.
D. Publishing the results in a peer-reviewed journal.
Answer: C
Rationale: The Iowa Model emphasizes that for an EBP change to be successful, it must
align with the organization’s strategic goals. After a problem-focused or knowledge-focused
trigger occurs, the team must assess organizational priority. If it is not a priority, the
project may lack the necessary support and resources to move forward.
5. In quantitative research, what does a p-value of <0.05 typically indicate?
A. The results are clinically significant but not statistically significant.
B. The null hypothesis should be accepted because there is no difference.
C. The sample size was too small to draw any meaningful conclusions.
D. The results are statistically significant and unlikely to have occurred by chance.
Answer: D
Rationale: A p-value less than 0.05 indicates that the probability of the results occurring
by chance is less than 5%. This allows researchers to reject the null hypothesis in favor of
the experimental hypothesis. It is a standard threshold used in nursing research to denote
statistical significance.
6. Which qualitative research tradition focuses on the lived experiences of individuals
regarding a specific phenomenon?
A. Grounded Theory
B. Phenomenology
C. Ethnography
D. Historical Research
Answer: B
, Rationale: Phenomenology seeks to understand the ‘essence’ of a human experience as
described by those who have lived it. Researchers using this method conduct in-depth
interviews to gather rich, narrative data. The goal is to describe how individuals perceive
and give meaning to their personal realities.
7. What is the purpose of a dissemination plan in a capstone project?
A. To hide the data from competing healthcare organizations.
B. To share findings with the broader nursing community and stakeholders.
C. To increase the personal salary of the lead researcher.
D. To ensure that the project never needs to be updated or revised.
Answer: B
Rationale: Dissemination is the process of communicating the results of an EBP project to
others to improve patient care broadly. Common methods include poster presentations,
journal publications, and staff meetings. Sharing findings ensures that new knowledge is
integrated into clinical practice beyond the local setting.
8. During the ‘Appraisal’ phase of EBP, what is meant by the ‘validity’ of a study?
A. Whether the results can be applied to any population regardless of setting.
B. The degree to which the study results are likely to be true and free from bias.
C. The length of time it took for the researchers to complete the study.
D. The number of citations the study has received in other journals.
Answer: B
Rationale: Validity refers to the rigour of the research design and how well the study
measures what it intended to measure. Internal validity looks at whether the intervention
actually caused the outcome, while external validity looks at generalizability. Appraising
validity is a core step in determining if evidence is trustworthy enough for practice change.
9. What is the role of a ‘Stakeholder’ in an evidence-based practice project?
A. Individuals or groups who are affected by or have an interest in the project.
B. A government official who regulates all nursing licenses.
C. Only the patients who are receiving the new treatment.
D. The software developer who created the hospital’s electronic health record.
Answer: A
Rationale: Stakeholders can include patients, nursing staff, hospital administrators, and
even insurance companies. Identifying and engaging them early is vital for securing buy-in
