CMN 574 EXAM 1 Questions with Answers|
Pass Guaranted| 2027 Updated
CMN 574 Exam 1 Practice Questions & Answers (2026/2027 Update)
SECTION 1: CELLULAR BIOLOGY & PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
1. A patient with chronic alcoholism is diagnosed with Wernicke-Korsakoff
syndrome. This is primarily due to a deficiency in which of the following?
A. Vitamin B12
B. Folate
C. Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
D. Vitamin K
Correct Answer: C. Vitamin B1 (Thiamine). Rationale: Wernicke-Korsakoff
syndrome is caused by thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency, commonly seen in chronic
alcoholism. It presents with confusion, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia .
2. A 16-year-old female is diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis. The
causative virus primarily infects which type of cell?
A. CD4+ T-helper cells
B. Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+)
C. B lymphocytes
D. Natural Killer (NK) cells
Correct Answer: C. B lymphocytes. Rationale: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the
causative agent of mononucleosis, primarily infects B lymphocytes via the CD21
receptor .
,3. A biopsy of a tumor shows cells that are poorly differentiated and have a high
nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio. This is a hallmark of:
A. Benign growth
B. Malignancy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia
Correct Answer: B. Malignancy. Rationale: Poor differentiation and high nuclear-
to-cytoplasmic ratio are classic hallmarks of malignant cells .
4. A patient with heart failure is in a state of chronic hypoxia. This leads to an
increase in erythropoietin (EPO) secretion. Which organ is primarily responsible
for this secretion?
A. Liver
B. Bone Marrow
C. Kidney
D. Spleen
Correct Answer: C. Kidney. Rationale: The kidney is the primary organ responsible
for erythropoietin (EPO) secretion in response to hypoxia .
5. A patient is stung by a bee and experiences anaphylaxis. Which
immunoglobulin is primarily responsible for this immediate hypersensitivity
reaction?
A. IgA
B. IgE
C. IgG
D. IgM
Correct Answer: B. IgE. Rationale: IgE is responsible for immediate
hypersensitivity (Type I) reactions such as anaphylaxis .
, 6. A 72-year-old patient has a history of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease
(GERD). The persistent acid exposure has caused the squamous epithelium of
the lower esophagus to transform into columnar epithelium. This process is best
described as:
A. Dysplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Hyperplasia
D. Anaplasia
Correct Answer: B. Metaplasia. Rationale: Metaplasia is the reversible
replacement of one mature cell type by another. In GERD, squamous epithelium
changes to columnar epithelium (Barrett's esophagus) .
7. A child is diagnosed with Tay-Sachs disease. This condition is caused by an
accumulation of gangliosides due to a deficiency in which enzyme?
A. Hexosaminidase A
B. Phenylalanine hydroxylase
C. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
D. Cystathionine beta-synthase
Correct Answer: A. Hexosaminidase A. Rationale: Tay-Sachs disease is caused by
a deficiency of hexosaminidase A, leading to accumulation of GM2 gangliosides in
neurons .
8. In the pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), the primary autoantibody
found in the serum of many patients is:
A. Antinuclear antibody (ANA)
B. Anti-dsDNA
Pass Guaranted| 2027 Updated
CMN 574 Exam 1 Practice Questions & Answers (2026/2027 Update)
SECTION 1: CELLULAR BIOLOGY & PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
1. A patient with chronic alcoholism is diagnosed with Wernicke-Korsakoff
syndrome. This is primarily due to a deficiency in which of the following?
A. Vitamin B12
B. Folate
C. Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
D. Vitamin K
Correct Answer: C. Vitamin B1 (Thiamine). Rationale: Wernicke-Korsakoff
syndrome is caused by thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency, commonly seen in chronic
alcoholism. It presents with confusion, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia .
2. A 16-year-old female is diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis. The
causative virus primarily infects which type of cell?
A. CD4+ T-helper cells
B. Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+)
C. B lymphocytes
D. Natural Killer (NK) cells
Correct Answer: C. B lymphocytes. Rationale: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the
causative agent of mononucleosis, primarily infects B lymphocytes via the CD21
receptor .
,3. A biopsy of a tumor shows cells that are poorly differentiated and have a high
nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio. This is a hallmark of:
A. Benign growth
B. Malignancy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia
Correct Answer: B. Malignancy. Rationale: Poor differentiation and high nuclear-
to-cytoplasmic ratio are classic hallmarks of malignant cells .
4. A patient with heart failure is in a state of chronic hypoxia. This leads to an
increase in erythropoietin (EPO) secretion. Which organ is primarily responsible
for this secretion?
A. Liver
B. Bone Marrow
C. Kidney
D. Spleen
Correct Answer: C. Kidney. Rationale: The kidney is the primary organ responsible
for erythropoietin (EPO) secretion in response to hypoxia .
5. A patient is stung by a bee and experiences anaphylaxis. Which
immunoglobulin is primarily responsible for this immediate hypersensitivity
reaction?
A. IgA
B. IgE
C. IgG
D. IgM
Correct Answer: B. IgE. Rationale: IgE is responsible for immediate
hypersensitivity (Type I) reactions such as anaphylaxis .
, 6. A 72-year-old patient has a history of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease
(GERD). The persistent acid exposure has caused the squamous epithelium of
the lower esophagus to transform into columnar epithelium. This process is best
described as:
A. Dysplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Hyperplasia
D. Anaplasia
Correct Answer: B. Metaplasia. Rationale: Metaplasia is the reversible
replacement of one mature cell type by another. In GERD, squamous epithelium
changes to columnar epithelium (Barrett's esophagus) .
7. A child is diagnosed with Tay-Sachs disease. This condition is caused by an
accumulation of gangliosides due to a deficiency in which enzyme?
A. Hexosaminidase A
B. Phenylalanine hydroxylase
C. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
D. Cystathionine beta-synthase
Correct Answer: A. Hexosaminidase A. Rationale: Tay-Sachs disease is caused by
a deficiency of hexosaminidase A, leading to accumulation of GM2 gangliosides in
neurons .
8. In the pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), the primary autoantibody
found in the serum of many patients is:
A. Antinuclear antibody (ANA)
B. Anti-dsDNA
