NURS 611 PATHO (MARYVILLE) EXAM 2026 LATEST
UPDATE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
what are the signs and symptoms of hypokalemia? - ANS-1- cardiac- flat t-waves, AV block,
bradycardia
2- paralytic ileus (N&V)
normal range of calcium - ANS-8.5-10.5
causes of hypocalcemia? - ANS-1- Hypoalbuminemia
2- massive blood administration
3- Decreases in PTH and Vit D levels
4- malnutrition
5-alkalosis
6-elevated calcitonin level
7-pancreatitis
8- inadequate GI absorption
Signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia - ANS-1- increased neuromuscular excitability
2-tingling and muscle spasms
3- hyperactive bowel sounds
4-osteoporosis
SEVERE signs of hypocalcemia - ANS-1- convulsions/tetany
,2- prolonged QT interval
3-cardiac arrest
what causes hypercalcemia - ANS-1- hyperparathyroidism
2- bone metastases
3- sarcoidosis
4- excess vit D
5- tumors that produce PTH
6- calcium containing antacids
Signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia - ANS-1- fatigue/ weakness/ lethargy
2- anorexia, nausea, constipation
3- impaired renal function and kidney stones
4- dysrhythmias, bradycardia, cardiac arrest
5- bone pain. osteoporosis, fractures
Calcium and phosphorus have what kind of relationship> and is influenced by which 3 things? -
ANS-1- reciprocal
2- PTH, calcitonin, and vit D
what causes hypophosphatemia - ANS-1- GI malabsorption r/t Vit D deficiency
2- use of mag/aluminum antacids
3- long term alcohol abuse
4- respiratory alkalosis
5- increased renal excretion of phosphate associated with hyperparathyroidism
, Signs and symptoms of hypophosphatemia - ANS-1- reduced capacity for O2 to be transported
by RBC and disturbed energy metabolism
2- leukocyte/platelet dysfunction
3- deranged nerve/muscle function
what are 8 severe symptoms of hypophosphatemia - ANS-1-irritability
2-confusion
3-numbness
4-coma
5-convulsions
6-resp failure r/t muscle weakness
7- cardiomyopathy
8- bone resorption (rickets and osteomalacia)
causes of hyperphosphatemia - ANS-1- acute or chronic renal failure
2-treatment of metastatic tumors with chemo that releases large amounts of phosphate
3- long term use of laxatives/enemas
4- hypoparathyroidism
signs and symptoms of hyperphosphatemia - ANS-1- low serum calcium levels
2- if prolonged-calcification of soft tissues
normal range of magnesium - ANS-1.5-3
causes of hypomagnesemia - ANS-1- malnutrition
2-alcoholism
UPDATE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
what are the signs and symptoms of hypokalemia? - ANS-1- cardiac- flat t-waves, AV block,
bradycardia
2- paralytic ileus (N&V)
normal range of calcium - ANS-8.5-10.5
causes of hypocalcemia? - ANS-1- Hypoalbuminemia
2- massive blood administration
3- Decreases in PTH and Vit D levels
4- malnutrition
5-alkalosis
6-elevated calcitonin level
7-pancreatitis
8- inadequate GI absorption
Signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia - ANS-1- increased neuromuscular excitability
2-tingling and muscle spasms
3- hyperactive bowel sounds
4-osteoporosis
SEVERE signs of hypocalcemia - ANS-1- convulsions/tetany
,2- prolonged QT interval
3-cardiac arrest
what causes hypercalcemia - ANS-1- hyperparathyroidism
2- bone metastases
3- sarcoidosis
4- excess vit D
5- tumors that produce PTH
6- calcium containing antacids
Signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia - ANS-1- fatigue/ weakness/ lethargy
2- anorexia, nausea, constipation
3- impaired renal function and kidney stones
4- dysrhythmias, bradycardia, cardiac arrest
5- bone pain. osteoporosis, fractures
Calcium and phosphorus have what kind of relationship> and is influenced by which 3 things? -
ANS-1- reciprocal
2- PTH, calcitonin, and vit D
what causes hypophosphatemia - ANS-1- GI malabsorption r/t Vit D deficiency
2- use of mag/aluminum antacids
3- long term alcohol abuse
4- respiratory alkalosis
5- increased renal excretion of phosphate associated with hyperparathyroidism
, Signs and symptoms of hypophosphatemia - ANS-1- reduced capacity for O2 to be transported
by RBC and disturbed energy metabolism
2- leukocyte/platelet dysfunction
3- deranged nerve/muscle function
what are 8 severe symptoms of hypophosphatemia - ANS-1-irritability
2-confusion
3-numbness
4-coma
5-convulsions
6-resp failure r/t muscle weakness
7- cardiomyopathy
8- bone resorption (rickets and osteomalacia)
causes of hyperphosphatemia - ANS-1- acute or chronic renal failure
2-treatment of metastatic tumors with chemo that releases large amounts of phosphate
3- long term use of laxatives/enemas
4- hypoparathyroidism
signs and symptoms of hyperphosphatemia - ANS-1- low serum calcium levels
2- if prolonged-calcification of soft tissues
normal range of magnesium - ANS-1.5-3
causes of hypomagnesemia - ANS-1- malnutrition
2-alcoholism
