STUDY NOTES & REFERENCE GUIDE
All Chapters Covered
P OW E R SY ST E M
· A NA LY S I S
H a d i Saa d at
O0 ( 00 IOI
:'
' .
100 100 l!O
Acadexas Stuvia | Page 1 of 100
, STUDY NOTES & REFERENCE GUIDE
CONTENTS
1 THE POWER SYSTEM: AN OVERVIEW 1
2 BASIC PRINCIPLES 5
3 GENERATOR AND TRANSFORMER MODELS;
THE PER-UNIT SYSTEM 25
4 TRANSMISSION LINE PARAMETERS 52
5 LINE MODEL AND PERFORMANCE 68
6 POWER FLOW ANALYSIS 107
7 OPTIMAL DISPATCH OF GENERATION 147
8 SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE TRANSIENT ANALYSIS 170
9 BALANCED FAULT 181
10SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS AND UNBALANCED FAULT 208
11STABILITY 244
12 POW
ER SYSTEM CONTROL 263
Acadexas Stuvia | Page 2 of 100
, STUDY NOTES & REFERENCE GUIDE
CHAPTER 1 PROBLEMS
1.1 The demand estimation is the starting point for planning the future electric
power supply. The consistency of demand growth over the years has led to numer-
ous attempts to fit mathematical curves to this trend. One of the simplest curves
is
p = Poea( t-to)
where a is the average per unit growth rate, P is the demand in year t, and Po is
the given demand at year to.
Assume the peak power demand in the United States in 1984 is 480 GW with
an average growth rate of 3.4 percent. Using MATLAB, plot the predicated peak
demand in GW from 1984 to 1999. Estimate the peak power demand for the year
1999.
We use the following commands to plot the demand growth
tO = 84; PO = 480;
a =.034;
t = (84:1:99)';
P =PO*exp (a* (t-tO));
disp ('Predicted Peak Demand - GW')
disp ([t, P])
plot (t, P), grid
xlabel ('Year'), ylabel ('Peak power demand GW')
P99 =PO*exp (a* (99 - tO))
The result is
1
Acadexas Stuvia | Page 3 of 100
, STUDY NOTES & REFERENCE GUIDE
2 CONTENTS
Predicted Peak Demand - GW
84.0000 480.0000
85.0000 496.6006
86.0000 513.7753
87.0000 531.5441
88.0000 549.9273
89.0000 568.9463
90.0000 588.6231
91.0000 608.9804
92.0000 630.0418
93.0000 651.8315
94.0000 674.3740
95.0000 697.6978
96.0000 721.8274
97.0000 746.7916
98.0000 772.6190
99.0000 799.3398
P99 =
799.3398
The plot of the predicated demand is shown n Figure 1.
800
750 . . . . . . ..
700
Peak
Power 650
Demand 600 . . . . . . .. . . . . . ..
GW
550
500
45084 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100
Year
FIGURE 1
Peak Power Demand for Problem 1.1
1.2 In a certain country, the energy consumption is expected to double in 10 years.
Acadexas Stuvia | Page 4 of 100
All Chapters Covered
P OW E R SY ST E M
· A NA LY S I S
H a d i Saa d at
O0 ( 00 IOI
:'
' .
100 100 l!O
Acadexas Stuvia | Page 1 of 100
, STUDY NOTES & REFERENCE GUIDE
CONTENTS
1 THE POWER SYSTEM: AN OVERVIEW 1
2 BASIC PRINCIPLES 5
3 GENERATOR AND TRANSFORMER MODELS;
THE PER-UNIT SYSTEM 25
4 TRANSMISSION LINE PARAMETERS 52
5 LINE MODEL AND PERFORMANCE 68
6 POWER FLOW ANALYSIS 107
7 OPTIMAL DISPATCH OF GENERATION 147
8 SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE TRANSIENT ANALYSIS 170
9 BALANCED FAULT 181
10SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS AND UNBALANCED FAULT 208
11STABILITY 244
12 POW
ER SYSTEM CONTROL 263
Acadexas Stuvia | Page 2 of 100
, STUDY NOTES & REFERENCE GUIDE
CHAPTER 1 PROBLEMS
1.1 The demand estimation is the starting point for planning the future electric
power supply. The consistency of demand growth over the years has led to numer-
ous attempts to fit mathematical curves to this trend. One of the simplest curves
is
p = Poea( t-to)
where a is the average per unit growth rate, P is the demand in year t, and Po is
the given demand at year to.
Assume the peak power demand in the United States in 1984 is 480 GW with
an average growth rate of 3.4 percent. Using MATLAB, plot the predicated peak
demand in GW from 1984 to 1999. Estimate the peak power demand for the year
1999.
We use the following commands to plot the demand growth
tO = 84; PO = 480;
a =.034;
t = (84:1:99)';
P =PO*exp (a* (t-tO));
disp ('Predicted Peak Demand - GW')
disp ([t, P])
plot (t, P), grid
xlabel ('Year'), ylabel ('Peak power demand GW')
P99 =PO*exp (a* (99 - tO))
The result is
1
Acadexas Stuvia | Page 3 of 100
, STUDY NOTES & REFERENCE GUIDE
2 CONTENTS
Predicted Peak Demand - GW
84.0000 480.0000
85.0000 496.6006
86.0000 513.7753
87.0000 531.5441
88.0000 549.9273
89.0000 568.9463
90.0000 588.6231
91.0000 608.9804
92.0000 630.0418
93.0000 651.8315
94.0000 674.3740
95.0000 697.6978
96.0000 721.8274
97.0000 746.7916
98.0000 772.6190
99.0000 799.3398
P99 =
799.3398
The plot of the predicated demand is shown n Figure 1.
800
750 . . . . . . ..
700
Peak
Power 650
Demand 600 . . . . . . .. . . . . . ..
GW
550
500
45084 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100
Year
FIGURE 1
Peak Power Demand for Problem 1.1
1.2 In a certain country, the energy consumption is expected to double in 10 years.
Acadexas Stuvia | Page 4 of 100
