CVP BASIC EXAM ACTUAL PAPER
SOLVED QUESTIONS
◉ What does a high CVP indicate?
Answer: A high CVP (>8 mmHg) may indicate fluid overload, right-
sided heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, or cardiac
tamponade.
◉ What does a low CVP indicate?
Answer: A low CVP (<0 mmHg) may indicate dehydration, blood
loss, or low circulating volume.
◉ What is preload in the context of CVP?
Answer: Preload is the amount of blood stretching the ventricles
before contraction, indirectly measured by CVP.
◉ What is the normal CVP range?
Answer: The normal CVP range is 0 to 8 mmHg.
◉ What are the common peripheral injection sites for central
venous catheters?
Answer: Common sites include the internal jugular vein,
subclavian vein, and femoral vein.
,◉ What is the phlebostatic axis?
Answer: The phlebostatic axis is the level at which the transducer
should be aligned for accurate CVP readings, typically at the 4th
intercostal space and mid-axillary line.
◉ What is the purpose of a central venous catheter (CVC)?
Answer: A CVC is used for long-term access to the bloodstream for
medications, fluids, and blood draws.
◉ What is a tunneled central venous catheter (CVC)?
Answer: A tunneled CVC is a catheter that passes under the skin
before entering a large vein, reducing infection risk.
◉ What is a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)?
Answer: A PICC is a catheter inserted through a peripheral vein,
typically in the inner elbow, and threaded to the right atrium.
◉ Why is a tunneled CVC preferred for chemotherapy?
Answer: It provides a reliable pathway for medication
administration, reducing vein irritation and allowing for long-
term access.
◉ What complications should be monitored for with CVCs?
Answer: Complications include infection, bleeding, air embolism,
and catheter displacement.
, ◉ What does the CVP tell us about the heart's pumping ability?
Answer: CVP indicates how well the right ventricle can handle
blood returning to it.
◉ How does CVP relate to venous blood return?
Answer: CVP reflects the amount of blood returning from the
body to the heart.
◉ What happens to CVP during severe bleeding?
Answer: CVP decreases due to reduced blood volume returning to
the heart.
◉ What happens to CVP during fluid overload?
Answer: CVP increases due to excess blood volume returning to
the heart.
◉ What is the significance of the right atrium and right ventricle
pressures at the end of diastole?
Answer: At the end of diastole, the pressures in the right atrium
and right ventricle are nearly equal, allowing CVP to estimate
right ventricular filling pressure.
◉ What is the role of the transducer in CVP monitoring?
SOLVED QUESTIONS
◉ What does a high CVP indicate?
Answer: A high CVP (>8 mmHg) may indicate fluid overload, right-
sided heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, or cardiac
tamponade.
◉ What does a low CVP indicate?
Answer: A low CVP (<0 mmHg) may indicate dehydration, blood
loss, or low circulating volume.
◉ What is preload in the context of CVP?
Answer: Preload is the amount of blood stretching the ventricles
before contraction, indirectly measured by CVP.
◉ What is the normal CVP range?
Answer: The normal CVP range is 0 to 8 mmHg.
◉ What are the common peripheral injection sites for central
venous catheters?
Answer: Common sites include the internal jugular vein,
subclavian vein, and femoral vein.
,◉ What is the phlebostatic axis?
Answer: The phlebostatic axis is the level at which the transducer
should be aligned for accurate CVP readings, typically at the 4th
intercostal space and mid-axillary line.
◉ What is the purpose of a central venous catheter (CVC)?
Answer: A CVC is used for long-term access to the bloodstream for
medications, fluids, and blood draws.
◉ What is a tunneled central venous catheter (CVC)?
Answer: A tunneled CVC is a catheter that passes under the skin
before entering a large vein, reducing infection risk.
◉ What is a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)?
Answer: A PICC is a catheter inserted through a peripheral vein,
typically in the inner elbow, and threaded to the right atrium.
◉ Why is a tunneled CVC preferred for chemotherapy?
Answer: It provides a reliable pathway for medication
administration, reducing vein irritation and allowing for long-
term access.
◉ What complications should be monitored for with CVCs?
Answer: Complications include infection, bleeding, air embolism,
and catheter displacement.
, ◉ What does the CVP tell us about the heart's pumping ability?
Answer: CVP indicates how well the right ventricle can handle
blood returning to it.
◉ How does CVP relate to venous blood return?
Answer: CVP reflects the amount of blood returning from the
body to the heart.
◉ What happens to CVP during severe bleeding?
Answer: CVP decreases due to reduced blood volume returning to
the heart.
◉ What happens to CVP during fluid overload?
Answer: CVP increases due to excess blood volume returning to
the heart.
◉ What is the significance of the right atrium and right ventricle
pressures at the end of diastole?
Answer: At the end of diastole, the pressures in the right atrium
and right ventricle are nearly equal, allowing CVP to estimate
right ventricular filling pressure.
◉ What is the role of the transducer in CVP monitoring?
