NURS 370 EXAM 2 Questions with Correct Answers (Grade A+)
Question 1: Obj. #1 Describe general principles of growth and development
Answer: -interrelated and interdependent processes -highly individualized -has a pattern -growth is related
to increase in height and weight -general principles of growth and development include: cephalocaudal,
proximodistal, differentiation
Question 2: Cephalocaudal
Answer: starts at the head and moves downward Example: The child can control the head and neck before
the arms and legs.
Question 3: proximodistal
Answer: -starts in the center and proceeds to the periphery Example: Movement and control of the trunk
section of the body occurs before movement and control of the arms.
Question 4: differentiation
Answer: -simple to complex progression of achievement of developmental milestones Example: The child
learns to crawl before learning to walk.
Question 5: what does failure to thrive mean?
Answer: failure to grow and develop at an expected rate can mean that a child is failing to thrive. the
diagnosis of failure to thrive is given to children who fall below the 5th percentile ranges on height and
weight charts
Question 6: what are the six developmental outcomes categories?
Answer: -physical/physiological development -motor development -social/emotional development
-cognitive development -communication development -adaptive development
Question 7: Physical/physiological development
Answer: refers to the growth and changes in body tissues and organ systems and the result of change in
function and proportion of the body
Page 1
,Question 8: motor development
Answer: two categories: gross and fine motor -gross: involve the use of large muscles to move about the
environment (walking, running, walking up and down the stairs, etc.) -fine: use of small muscles in an
increasingly coordinated and precise manner (writing letters, writing words, holding a pencil, etc.)
Question 9: social/emotional development
Answer: -development of self understanding, understanding others, and understanding social interactions
-knowledge of social/emotional skills is critical because it directs effective communication
Question 10: Cognitive development
Answer: -working memory capacity, cognitive self regulation, and the processing and use of information
about the environment and objects in the environment -these processes underlie the development of critical
thinking skills and execute functioning which includes learning, forming concepts, understanding, problem
solving, reasoning, remembering, and thinking abstractly
Question 11: communication development
Answer: -simple speech begins with utterances of consonants which then increases to include vowels then
single words are formed and then two and three word combinations arise, leading to the development of
meaningful phrases and sentences -language explosion is a demonstration of frontal lobe development and
typically occurs in children 18 mo- 3 years of age
Question 12: adaptive development
Answer: -refers to skills that enable independence at home and in the community -adaptive skills are
learned and include self care activities such as dressing/undressing, eating and feeding, tolieting, grooming,
etc.
Question 13: Categories of development
Answer: physical/physiologic, motoric, social/emotional, cognitive, communication, adaptive
Question 14: Obj. #2 Define cognitive growth and development according to Jean Piaget: identified the
following characteristics of cognitive development
Answer: -development is a sequential and orderly process, moving from stages that are simple to complex
-cognitive acts occur as the child adapts to the surrounding environment -the child's experience with the
environment naturally encourages growth and maturaiton -child must accommodate new or complex
problems by drawing on past experiences -there can be overlap between the Childs age and stage of
development
Page 2
, Question 15: developmental milestones: fine motor
Answer: -Birth to 1 month: open fingers slightly at rest -2 to 3 months: grasps toys, open and closes hands,
eyes follow object to midline, blows bubbles -6 to 8 months: bangs objects on table and can transfer object
from hand to hand -1 year: Can hold crayon and may mark on paper, begins to use objects correctly -2 to 3
years: learning to dress self and can draw simple shapes -4 to 5 years: dresses independently and uses
scissors
Question 16: developmental milestones: gross motor
Answer: -birth to 1 month: arms and legs move together and holds chin up when lying on stomach -2 to 3
month: raises head and chest when lying on stomach, supports upper body with arms when lying on
stomach -6 to 8 months: can roll from side to side, can sit unsupported by 7 or 8 months, supports whole
weight on legs -1 year: pulls self up to stand, walks holding on to furniture, may walk two steps
independently -2 to 3 years: jumps, kicks balls, learning to pedal tricycle -4 to 5 years: goes up and down
stairs independently, throws a ball overhand, hops on one foot
Question 17: Piaget's Key Stages
Answer: Sensorimotor - Birth to 2 YearsPreoperational - 2 to 7 YearsConcrete Operational - 7 to 11
YearsFormal Operational - 11 Years to Adulthood
Question 18: Piaget-what is stage one of sensorimotor?
Answer: Reflexes: The child learns through motor and reflex actions and begins to understand that he or
she is separate from the environment and from others. Learning through sucking
Question 19: Piaget - what is the second stage of sensorimotor?
Answer: 1-4 months Primary circular reactions: finding of thumb, found it helped sooth themselves, so
continues this actions
Question 20: Piaget- what is the third stage of sensorimotor?
Answer: 4-8 months Secondary circular reactions: putting rattle in mouth
Question 21: Piaget- what is the fourth stage of sensorimotor?
Answer: 8-12 months Coordination of secondary schemata: shaking of the rattle to make sound
Question 22: Piaget- what is the fifth stage of sensorimotor?
Answer: 12-18 months Tertiary circular reactions: making verbal sounds to see if he will illicit a response
Page 3
Question 1: Obj. #1 Describe general principles of growth and development
Answer: -interrelated and interdependent processes -highly individualized -has a pattern -growth is related
to increase in height and weight -general principles of growth and development include: cephalocaudal,
proximodistal, differentiation
Question 2: Cephalocaudal
Answer: starts at the head and moves downward Example: The child can control the head and neck before
the arms and legs.
Question 3: proximodistal
Answer: -starts in the center and proceeds to the periphery Example: Movement and control of the trunk
section of the body occurs before movement and control of the arms.
Question 4: differentiation
Answer: -simple to complex progression of achievement of developmental milestones Example: The child
learns to crawl before learning to walk.
Question 5: what does failure to thrive mean?
Answer: failure to grow and develop at an expected rate can mean that a child is failing to thrive. the
diagnosis of failure to thrive is given to children who fall below the 5th percentile ranges on height and
weight charts
Question 6: what are the six developmental outcomes categories?
Answer: -physical/physiological development -motor development -social/emotional development
-cognitive development -communication development -adaptive development
Question 7: Physical/physiological development
Answer: refers to the growth and changes in body tissues and organ systems and the result of change in
function and proportion of the body
Page 1
,Question 8: motor development
Answer: two categories: gross and fine motor -gross: involve the use of large muscles to move about the
environment (walking, running, walking up and down the stairs, etc.) -fine: use of small muscles in an
increasingly coordinated and precise manner (writing letters, writing words, holding a pencil, etc.)
Question 9: social/emotional development
Answer: -development of self understanding, understanding others, and understanding social interactions
-knowledge of social/emotional skills is critical because it directs effective communication
Question 10: Cognitive development
Answer: -working memory capacity, cognitive self regulation, and the processing and use of information
about the environment and objects in the environment -these processes underlie the development of critical
thinking skills and execute functioning which includes learning, forming concepts, understanding, problem
solving, reasoning, remembering, and thinking abstractly
Question 11: communication development
Answer: -simple speech begins with utterances of consonants which then increases to include vowels then
single words are formed and then two and three word combinations arise, leading to the development of
meaningful phrases and sentences -language explosion is a demonstration of frontal lobe development and
typically occurs in children 18 mo- 3 years of age
Question 12: adaptive development
Answer: -refers to skills that enable independence at home and in the community -adaptive skills are
learned and include self care activities such as dressing/undressing, eating and feeding, tolieting, grooming,
etc.
Question 13: Categories of development
Answer: physical/physiologic, motoric, social/emotional, cognitive, communication, adaptive
Question 14: Obj. #2 Define cognitive growth and development according to Jean Piaget: identified the
following characteristics of cognitive development
Answer: -development is a sequential and orderly process, moving from stages that are simple to complex
-cognitive acts occur as the child adapts to the surrounding environment -the child's experience with the
environment naturally encourages growth and maturaiton -child must accommodate new or complex
problems by drawing on past experiences -there can be overlap between the Childs age and stage of
development
Page 2
, Question 15: developmental milestones: fine motor
Answer: -Birth to 1 month: open fingers slightly at rest -2 to 3 months: grasps toys, open and closes hands,
eyes follow object to midline, blows bubbles -6 to 8 months: bangs objects on table and can transfer object
from hand to hand -1 year: Can hold crayon and may mark on paper, begins to use objects correctly -2 to 3
years: learning to dress self and can draw simple shapes -4 to 5 years: dresses independently and uses
scissors
Question 16: developmental milestones: gross motor
Answer: -birth to 1 month: arms and legs move together and holds chin up when lying on stomach -2 to 3
month: raises head and chest when lying on stomach, supports upper body with arms when lying on
stomach -6 to 8 months: can roll from side to side, can sit unsupported by 7 or 8 months, supports whole
weight on legs -1 year: pulls self up to stand, walks holding on to furniture, may walk two steps
independently -2 to 3 years: jumps, kicks balls, learning to pedal tricycle -4 to 5 years: goes up and down
stairs independently, throws a ball overhand, hops on one foot
Question 17: Piaget's Key Stages
Answer: Sensorimotor - Birth to 2 YearsPreoperational - 2 to 7 YearsConcrete Operational - 7 to 11
YearsFormal Operational - 11 Years to Adulthood
Question 18: Piaget-what is stage one of sensorimotor?
Answer: Reflexes: The child learns through motor and reflex actions and begins to understand that he or
she is separate from the environment and from others. Learning through sucking
Question 19: Piaget - what is the second stage of sensorimotor?
Answer: 1-4 months Primary circular reactions: finding of thumb, found it helped sooth themselves, so
continues this actions
Question 20: Piaget- what is the third stage of sensorimotor?
Answer: 4-8 months Secondary circular reactions: putting rattle in mouth
Question 21: Piaget- what is the fourth stage of sensorimotor?
Answer: 8-12 months Coordination of secondary schemata: shaking of the rattle to make sound
Question 22: Piaget- what is the fifth stage of sensorimotor?
Answer: 12-18 months Tertiary circular reactions: making verbal sounds to see if he will illicit a response
Page 3
