CS6250 COMPUTER NETWORKS
EXAMINATION TEST COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
●● What are the similarities of the OSI model and five-layered Internet
model?
Answer: They are both based on layered architecture.
The are comparable to each other - see image 1
Both are networking standards
●● What are the differences of the OSI model and five-layered Internet
model?
Answer: OSI is a generic model based on the functions of each layer.
TCP is a protocol oriented standard.
OSI uses 3 upper layers (application, presentation, and session) while
TCP just uses application.
Likewise, OSI uses 2 Lower layers (Physical and DataLink) while TCP
just uses Link
●● What is a socket?
,Answer: A socket is one endpoint of a two-way communication link
between two programs running on the network.
A socket is bound to a port number so that the TCP layer can identify the
application that data is destined to be sent to.
●● Physical Layer
Answer: The lowest, or first, layer of the OSI model. Protocols in this
layer generate and detect signals so as to transmit and receive data over a
network medium. These protocols also set the data transmission rate and
monitor data error rates, but do not provide error correction.
The lowest layer of the OSI Model is concerned with electrically or
optically transmitting raw unstructured data bits across the network from
the physical layer of the sending device to the physical layer of the
receiving device. It can include specifications such as voltages, pin
layout, cabling, and radio frequencies. At the physical layer, one might
find "physical" resources such as network hubs, cabling, repeaters,
network adapters or modems.
●● OSI Data Link Layer
Answer: At the data link layer, directly connected nodes are used to
perform node-to-node data transfer where data is packaged into frames.
The data link layer also corrects errors that may have occurred at the
physical layer.
,The data link layer encompasses two sub-layers of its own. The first,
media access control (MAC), provides flow control and multiplexing for
device transmissions over a network. The second, the logical link control
(LLC), provides flow and error control over the physical medium as well
as identifies line protocols.
●● OSI Network Layer
Answer: The network layer is responsible for receiving frames from the
data link layer, and delivering them to their intended destinations among
based on the addresses contained inside the frame. The network layer
finds the destination by using logical addresses, such as IP (internet
protocol). At this layer, routers are a crucial component used to quite
literally route information where it needs to go between networks.
●● OSI Transport Layer
Answer: The transport layer manages the delivery and error checking of
data packets. It regulates the size, sequencing, and ultimately the transfer
of data between systems and hosts. One of the most common examples
of the transport layer is TCP or the Transmission Control Protocol.
●● OSI Session Layer
Answer: The session layer controls the conversations between different
computers. A session or connection between machines is set up,
managed, and termined at layer 5. Session layer services also include
authentication and reconnections.
, ●● OSI Presentation Layer
Answer: The presentation layer formats or translates data for the
application layer based on the syntax or semantics that the application
accepts. Because of this, it at times also called the syntax layer. This
layer can also handle the encryption and decryption required by the
application layer.
●● OSI Application Layer
Answer: At this layer, both the end user and the application layer interact
directly with the software application. This layer sees network services
provided to end-user applications such as a web browser or Office 365.
The application layer identifies communication partners, resource
availability, and synchronizes communication.
●● 5 Layer Internet Model - Application Layer
Answer: As you might have guessed, the Application layer is where
applications requiring network communications live. Examples of these
applications include email clients and web browsers. These applications
use the Transport Layer to send requests to connect to remote hosts.
●● 5 Layer Internet Model - Transport Layer
Answer: The Transport layer establishes the connection between
applications running on different hosts. It uses TCP for reliable
connections and UDP for fast connections. It keeps track of the
processes running in the applications above it by assigning port numbers
to them and uses the Network layer to access the TCP/IP network.
EXAMINATION TEST COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
●● What are the similarities of the OSI model and five-layered Internet
model?
Answer: They are both based on layered architecture.
The are comparable to each other - see image 1
Both are networking standards
●● What are the differences of the OSI model and five-layered Internet
model?
Answer: OSI is a generic model based on the functions of each layer.
TCP is a protocol oriented standard.
OSI uses 3 upper layers (application, presentation, and session) while
TCP just uses application.
Likewise, OSI uses 2 Lower layers (Physical and DataLink) while TCP
just uses Link
●● What is a socket?
,Answer: A socket is one endpoint of a two-way communication link
between two programs running on the network.
A socket is bound to a port number so that the TCP layer can identify the
application that data is destined to be sent to.
●● Physical Layer
Answer: The lowest, or first, layer of the OSI model. Protocols in this
layer generate and detect signals so as to transmit and receive data over a
network medium. These protocols also set the data transmission rate and
monitor data error rates, but do not provide error correction.
The lowest layer of the OSI Model is concerned with electrically or
optically transmitting raw unstructured data bits across the network from
the physical layer of the sending device to the physical layer of the
receiving device. It can include specifications such as voltages, pin
layout, cabling, and radio frequencies. At the physical layer, one might
find "physical" resources such as network hubs, cabling, repeaters,
network adapters or modems.
●● OSI Data Link Layer
Answer: At the data link layer, directly connected nodes are used to
perform node-to-node data transfer where data is packaged into frames.
The data link layer also corrects errors that may have occurred at the
physical layer.
,The data link layer encompasses two sub-layers of its own. The first,
media access control (MAC), provides flow control and multiplexing for
device transmissions over a network. The second, the logical link control
(LLC), provides flow and error control over the physical medium as well
as identifies line protocols.
●● OSI Network Layer
Answer: The network layer is responsible for receiving frames from the
data link layer, and delivering them to their intended destinations among
based on the addresses contained inside the frame. The network layer
finds the destination by using logical addresses, such as IP (internet
protocol). At this layer, routers are a crucial component used to quite
literally route information where it needs to go between networks.
●● OSI Transport Layer
Answer: The transport layer manages the delivery and error checking of
data packets. It regulates the size, sequencing, and ultimately the transfer
of data between systems and hosts. One of the most common examples
of the transport layer is TCP or the Transmission Control Protocol.
●● OSI Session Layer
Answer: The session layer controls the conversations between different
computers. A session or connection between machines is set up,
managed, and termined at layer 5. Session layer services also include
authentication and reconnections.
, ●● OSI Presentation Layer
Answer: The presentation layer formats or translates data for the
application layer based on the syntax or semantics that the application
accepts. Because of this, it at times also called the syntax layer. This
layer can also handle the encryption and decryption required by the
application layer.
●● OSI Application Layer
Answer: At this layer, both the end user and the application layer interact
directly with the software application. This layer sees network services
provided to end-user applications such as a web browser or Office 365.
The application layer identifies communication partners, resource
availability, and synchronizes communication.
●● 5 Layer Internet Model - Application Layer
Answer: As you might have guessed, the Application layer is where
applications requiring network communications live. Examples of these
applications include email clients and web browsers. These applications
use the Transport Layer to send requests to connect to remote hosts.
●● 5 Layer Internet Model - Transport Layer
Answer: The Transport layer establishes the connection between
applications running on different hosts. It uses TCP for reliable
connections and UDP for fast connections. It keeps track of the
processes running in the applications above it by assigning port numbers
to them and uses the Network layer to access the TCP/IP network.
