Advanced Pharmacology for the Family NR 566 Chamberlain
Exam Questions with Verified Answers (Correct Update)
Question 1: Phenazopyridine - Mech- Excreted urothelial anism of Action (MOA) pain,
Answer: unchanged in urine, where it acts as a local anesthetic on the lining.Blocks sensory nerve
endings in the mucosa, reducing burning, urgency, and discomfort.
Question 2: When Phenazopyridine - Diagureteral nostic Use: Mechanism
Answer: given orally before procedures, it colors urine and helps visualize orifices, aiding in
confirmation of ureter patency.
Question 3: Useful Phenazopyridine - Diagdrainage nostic Use: Benefits
Answer: in confirming surgical success and ensuring proper urinary from kidneys to bladder.
Question 4: Front: Phenazopyridine - Renal Severe Contraindications Hypersensitivity G6PD
Pregnancy,
Answer: impairment (GFR <50 mL/min) hepatic disease to phenazopyridine or related compounds
deficiency ('hemolytic anemia risk) especially 3rd trimester (use with caution)
Question 5: Front: Phenazopyridine - May Use Drug Interactions 'Hemolysis drugs
Answer: interfere with urine tests (glucose, ketones, bilirubin, nitrites) caution with nephrotoxic drugs
(NSAIDs, aminoglycosides) risk when used with other G6PD-deficiency-triggering
Question 6: Heart What should be ascular sessed at baseline for a patient taking an alpha-1
adrenergic antagonist for hypertension?
Answer: rate, blood pressure, ECG (if indicated), and general cardiovasstatus.
Question 7: Assess What baseline assessment should be done for dribbling, a patient using
alpha-1 blockers for BPH?
Answer: nocturia, daytime frequency, hesitancy, intermittency, terminal urgency, size and force of
stream, dysuria, and incomplete voiding.
Question 8: Which alpha-1 blockers are contraindicated in hepatic or renal impairment?
Answer: Alfuzosin: contraindicated in moderate-to-severe hepatic impairment.Silodosin:
contraindicated in severe renal and severe hepatic impairment.
Page 1
,Question 9: How can adverse effects like orthostatic hypotension be minimized in patients taking
alpha-1 blockers?
Answer: Instruct patients to move slowly from sitting or lying to standing; take the first dose at bedtime
to reduce first-dose ettect.
Question 10: What is the "first-dose effect" with alpha-1 adrenergic antagonists?
Answer: It refers to severe orthostatic hypotension that may occur after the initial dose, often minimized
by taking it at bedtime
Question 11: What patient education is important for those starting alpha-1 blockers?
Answer: Warn about dizziness/lightheadedness, teach slow posture changes, avoid hazardous activity
for 12-24h after the first dose, and take initial dose at bedtime.
Question 12: What should outpatients How the be taught regarding monitoring while on alpha-1
blockers?
Answer: to monitor heart rate and blood pressure; hold the drug and notify provider if sustained
bradycardia or hypotension occur.
Question 13: Manage What is the therapeutic symptoms goal of alpha-1 adrenergic antagonists?
Answer: hypertension (doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin) and reduce BPH (doxazosin, terazosin, alfuzosin,
silodosin, tamsulosin).
Question 14: What parameters should Heart be monitored during treatment with alpha-1
blockers?
Answer: rate, blood pressure, and adverse ettects based on symptoms.
Question 15: How do you evaluate the Normalization therapeutic effect of alpha-1 blockers in
hypertension?
Answer: of blood pressure.
Question 16: How do you evaluate the Improvement therapeutic effect of alpha-1 blockers in
BPH?
Answer: in baseline urinary symptoms.
Question 17: They What is the mechanism parasympathetic of action (MOA) of anticholinergic
drugs?
Answer: block the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors in the nervous system (PNS).
Page 2
, Question 18: They How do β3 agonists like alternative mirabegron compare to They
anticholinergics in treating OAB?
Answer: have not shown increased eflcacy over anticholinergics but are an for patients who can't
tolerate anticholinergic side ettects. may be cost-prohibitive.
Question 19: When might mirabegron As an be used in OAB management?
Answer: alternative to anticholinergics or in combination with them.
Question 20: It What makes darifenacin contractions selective and beneficial for OAB
treatment?
Answer: selectively blocks M3 receptors in the bladder, reducing detrusor with fewer CNS and cardiac
side ettects.
Question 21: Dry What are common side mydriasis, effects of oxybutynin?
Answer: mouth, constipation, urinary retention, tachycardia, blurred vision, dry eyes.
Question 22: Confusion, What CNS effects can oxybutynin cause, especially in older adults?
Answer: hallucinations, insomnia, and nervousness.
Question 23: (1) Name three strategies blood-brain to reduce anticholinerdrugs. gic side effects.
Answer: Use long-acting formulations, (2) Use drugs that don't cross the barrier, (3) Use
bladder-selective muscarinic receptor
Question 24: They How do long-acting forreducing mulations help reduce side effects of
anticholinergics?
Answer: provide a steady drug level, lowering peak concentrations and side ettects.
Question 25: Scheduled What are non-pharmacologic treatments for overactive bladder?
Answer: voiding, fluid timing, Kegel exercises, and avoiding catteine.
Question 26: When When should drug therapy be used for OAB?
Answer: behavioral measures do not provide adequate relief.
Question 27: Fewer How is treatment revoids/day, sponse for OAB assessed?
Answer: urgency episodes, fewer leakage episodes, <8 daytime and 1d-2 nighttime voids.
Page 3
Exam Questions with Verified Answers (Correct Update)
Question 1: Phenazopyridine - Mech- Excreted urothelial anism of Action (MOA) pain,
Answer: unchanged in urine, where it acts as a local anesthetic on the lining.Blocks sensory nerve
endings in the mucosa, reducing burning, urgency, and discomfort.
Question 2: When Phenazopyridine - Diagureteral nostic Use: Mechanism
Answer: given orally before procedures, it colors urine and helps visualize orifices, aiding in
confirmation of ureter patency.
Question 3: Useful Phenazopyridine - Diagdrainage nostic Use: Benefits
Answer: in confirming surgical success and ensuring proper urinary from kidneys to bladder.
Question 4: Front: Phenazopyridine - Renal Severe Contraindications Hypersensitivity G6PD
Pregnancy,
Answer: impairment (GFR <50 mL/min) hepatic disease to phenazopyridine or related compounds
deficiency ('hemolytic anemia risk) especially 3rd trimester (use with caution)
Question 5: Front: Phenazopyridine - May Use Drug Interactions 'Hemolysis drugs
Answer: interfere with urine tests (glucose, ketones, bilirubin, nitrites) caution with nephrotoxic drugs
(NSAIDs, aminoglycosides) risk when used with other G6PD-deficiency-triggering
Question 6: Heart What should be ascular sessed at baseline for a patient taking an alpha-1
adrenergic antagonist for hypertension?
Answer: rate, blood pressure, ECG (if indicated), and general cardiovasstatus.
Question 7: Assess What baseline assessment should be done for dribbling, a patient using
alpha-1 blockers for BPH?
Answer: nocturia, daytime frequency, hesitancy, intermittency, terminal urgency, size and force of
stream, dysuria, and incomplete voiding.
Question 8: Which alpha-1 blockers are contraindicated in hepatic or renal impairment?
Answer: Alfuzosin: contraindicated in moderate-to-severe hepatic impairment.Silodosin:
contraindicated in severe renal and severe hepatic impairment.
Page 1
,Question 9: How can adverse effects like orthostatic hypotension be minimized in patients taking
alpha-1 blockers?
Answer: Instruct patients to move slowly from sitting or lying to standing; take the first dose at bedtime
to reduce first-dose ettect.
Question 10: What is the "first-dose effect" with alpha-1 adrenergic antagonists?
Answer: It refers to severe orthostatic hypotension that may occur after the initial dose, often minimized
by taking it at bedtime
Question 11: What patient education is important for those starting alpha-1 blockers?
Answer: Warn about dizziness/lightheadedness, teach slow posture changes, avoid hazardous activity
for 12-24h after the first dose, and take initial dose at bedtime.
Question 12: What should outpatients How the be taught regarding monitoring while on alpha-1
blockers?
Answer: to monitor heart rate and blood pressure; hold the drug and notify provider if sustained
bradycardia or hypotension occur.
Question 13: Manage What is the therapeutic symptoms goal of alpha-1 adrenergic antagonists?
Answer: hypertension (doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin) and reduce BPH (doxazosin, terazosin, alfuzosin,
silodosin, tamsulosin).
Question 14: What parameters should Heart be monitored during treatment with alpha-1
blockers?
Answer: rate, blood pressure, and adverse ettects based on symptoms.
Question 15: How do you evaluate the Normalization therapeutic effect of alpha-1 blockers in
hypertension?
Answer: of blood pressure.
Question 16: How do you evaluate the Improvement therapeutic effect of alpha-1 blockers in
BPH?
Answer: in baseline urinary symptoms.
Question 17: They What is the mechanism parasympathetic of action (MOA) of anticholinergic
drugs?
Answer: block the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors in the nervous system (PNS).
Page 2
, Question 18: They How do β3 agonists like alternative mirabegron compare to They
anticholinergics in treating OAB?
Answer: have not shown increased eflcacy over anticholinergics but are an for patients who can't
tolerate anticholinergic side ettects. may be cost-prohibitive.
Question 19: When might mirabegron As an be used in OAB management?
Answer: alternative to anticholinergics or in combination with them.
Question 20: It What makes darifenacin contractions selective and beneficial for OAB
treatment?
Answer: selectively blocks M3 receptors in the bladder, reducing detrusor with fewer CNS and cardiac
side ettects.
Question 21: Dry What are common side mydriasis, effects of oxybutynin?
Answer: mouth, constipation, urinary retention, tachycardia, blurred vision, dry eyes.
Question 22: Confusion, What CNS effects can oxybutynin cause, especially in older adults?
Answer: hallucinations, insomnia, and nervousness.
Question 23: (1) Name three strategies blood-brain to reduce anticholinerdrugs. gic side effects.
Answer: Use long-acting formulations, (2) Use drugs that don't cross the barrier, (3) Use
bladder-selective muscarinic receptor
Question 24: They How do long-acting forreducing mulations help reduce side effects of
anticholinergics?
Answer: provide a steady drug level, lowering peak concentrations and side ettects.
Question 25: Scheduled What are non-pharmacologic treatments for overactive bladder?
Answer: voiding, fluid timing, Kegel exercises, and avoiding catteine.
Question 26: When When should drug therapy be used for OAB?
Answer: behavioral measures do not provide adequate relief.
Question 27: Fewer How is treatment revoids/day, sponse for OAB assessed?
Answer: urgency episodes, fewer leakage episodes, <8 daytime and 1d-2 nighttime voids.
Page 3
