NR 566 Week 2 Antibiotics Questions with Verified Answers
(Correct Update)
Question 1: How is susceptibility determined?
Answer: · Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) · Lab test to determine how pathogen grows
while exposed to specific drugs (in a petri dish) · Results are reported as: susceptible, resistant,
intermediate
Question 2: Antibiotic Stewardship
Answer: strategies aimed at optimizing how antibiotics are prescribed
Question 3: Prophylactic Use of Antibiotics:
Answer: given to prevent an infection rather than to treat an established infection. Good for pre surgery,
bacterial endocarditis, and Neutropenia.
Question 4: Misuses of AntimicrobialDrugs
Answer: one in every three outpatient antibiotic prescriptions is either inappropriate or entirely
unnecessary.
Question 5: Penicillins
Answer: active against a variety of bacteria and their direct toxicity is low. Allergic reactions are the
principal adverse ettects.
Question 6: how is bacterial resistance to penicillins determined?
Answer: Is determined primarily by three factors: (1) inability of penicillins to reach their targets
(PBPs), (2) inactivation of penicillins by bacterial enzymes, and (3) production of PBPs that have a low
aflnity for penicillins.
Question 7: difference between Penicillin V vs Penicillin G
Answer: The principal ditterence is acid stability: Penicillin V is stable in stomach acid, whereas
penicillin G is not. Because of its acid stability, penicillin V has replaced penicillin G for oral therapy.
Penicillin V may be taken with meals.
Question 8: Penicillon MOA
Answer: weaken the cell wall, causing bacteria to take up excessive amounts of water and rupture. As a
result, penicillins are generally bactericidal.o Gram-Negative Penicillin
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, Question 9: Penicillin therapy on gram negative Some bacteria
Answer: penicillins are inettective against gram-negative bacteria, gram negative hads 3 layers, the outer
layer is diflcult to penetrate
Question 10: Cephalosporins MOA
Answer: bactericidal drugs with a mechanism similar to that of the penicillins. These agents bind to
penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and, hence, (1) disrupt cell wall synthesis and (2) activate autolysins
(enzymes that cleave bonds in the cell wall).
Question 11: Cephlasporin Drug interactions
Answer: Two cephalosporins-cefazolin and cefotetan-can induce a state of alcohol intolerance. If a
patient taking these drugs were to ingest alcohol, a disulfiram-like reaction could occur.
Question 12: Carbapenems MOA (imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem)
Answer: Binds to two Penicillin Binding Proteins (PBP1 and PBP2), causing weakening of the bacterial
cell wall with subsequent cell lysis and death.
Question 13: when should you dose adjust carbapenems ?
Answer: Renal impairment
Question 14: how does carbapenem eliminate?
Answer: through the renals
Question 15: Vancomycin MOA
Answer: vancomycin inhibits cell wall synthesis and, therefore, promotes bacterial lysis and death.
Question 16: what is C Diff?
Answer: gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic bacillus that infects the bowel. CDI is almost always
preceded by the use of antibiotics, which kill ott normal gut flora and allow C. ditt. to flourish.
Question 17: Vancomycin AE
Answer: Renal Toxicitydose related and increased with nephrotoxic drugs. If significant kidney damage
develops, as indicated by a 50% increase in serum creatinine level, vancomycin dosage should be
reduced.
Page 2
(Correct Update)
Question 1: How is susceptibility determined?
Answer: · Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) · Lab test to determine how pathogen grows
while exposed to specific drugs (in a petri dish) · Results are reported as: susceptible, resistant,
intermediate
Question 2: Antibiotic Stewardship
Answer: strategies aimed at optimizing how antibiotics are prescribed
Question 3: Prophylactic Use of Antibiotics:
Answer: given to prevent an infection rather than to treat an established infection. Good for pre surgery,
bacterial endocarditis, and Neutropenia.
Question 4: Misuses of AntimicrobialDrugs
Answer: one in every three outpatient antibiotic prescriptions is either inappropriate or entirely
unnecessary.
Question 5: Penicillins
Answer: active against a variety of bacteria and their direct toxicity is low. Allergic reactions are the
principal adverse ettects.
Question 6: how is bacterial resistance to penicillins determined?
Answer: Is determined primarily by three factors: (1) inability of penicillins to reach their targets
(PBPs), (2) inactivation of penicillins by bacterial enzymes, and (3) production of PBPs that have a low
aflnity for penicillins.
Question 7: difference between Penicillin V vs Penicillin G
Answer: The principal ditterence is acid stability: Penicillin V is stable in stomach acid, whereas
penicillin G is not. Because of its acid stability, penicillin V has replaced penicillin G for oral therapy.
Penicillin V may be taken with meals.
Question 8: Penicillon MOA
Answer: weaken the cell wall, causing bacteria to take up excessive amounts of water and rupture. As a
result, penicillins are generally bactericidal.o Gram-Negative Penicillin
Page 1
, Question 9: Penicillin therapy on gram negative Some bacteria
Answer: penicillins are inettective against gram-negative bacteria, gram negative hads 3 layers, the outer
layer is diflcult to penetrate
Question 10: Cephalosporins MOA
Answer: bactericidal drugs with a mechanism similar to that of the penicillins. These agents bind to
penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and, hence, (1) disrupt cell wall synthesis and (2) activate autolysins
(enzymes that cleave bonds in the cell wall).
Question 11: Cephlasporin Drug interactions
Answer: Two cephalosporins-cefazolin and cefotetan-can induce a state of alcohol intolerance. If a
patient taking these drugs were to ingest alcohol, a disulfiram-like reaction could occur.
Question 12: Carbapenems MOA (imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem)
Answer: Binds to two Penicillin Binding Proteins (PBP1 and PBP2), causing weakening of the bacterial
cell wall with subsequent cell lysis and death.
Question 13: when should you dose adjust carbapenems ?
Answer: Renal impairment
Question 14: how does carbapenem eliminate?
Answer: through the renals
Question 15: Vancomycin MOA
Answer: vancomycin inhibits cell wall synthesis and, therefore, promotes bacterial lysis and death.
Question 16: what is C Diff?
Answer: gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic bacillus that infects the bowel. CDI is almost always
preceded by the use of antibiotics, which kill ott normal gut flora and allow C. ditt. to flourish.
Question 17: Vancomycin AE
Answer: Renal Toxicitydose related and increased with nephrotoxic drugs. If significant kidney damage
develops, as indicated by a 50% increase in serum creatinine level, vancomycin dosage should be
reduced.
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