NR503 Epidemiology Final, NR 503 Epi Final, NR 503 Epi
Midterm Questions with Verified Answers (Correct Update)
Question 1: COMPLETE Solutions
Answer: Common risk factors unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use
Question 2: Childhood risk
Answer: conditions before birth and early in childhood influence health in adult life.
Question 3: Risk accumulation
Answer: Ageing is an important marker of the accumulation of modifiable risks for chronic disease
Question 4: Underlying determinants
Answer: a reflection of the major forces driving social, economic, and cultural change. I.e. globalization,
urbanization, population ageing, and general policy environment
Question 5: Poverty
Answer: interconnected with chronic disease in a vicious circle increasing exposure to risks and
decreased access to health services
Question 6: Primary prevention
Answer: aims to prevent disease. I.e. banning hazardous products, educating on healthy/safe habits,
immunizations
Question 7: Secondary prevention
Answer: reduce impact of disease or injury that has already occurred. I.e. screening tests, low-dose
ASA, suitably modified work
Question 8: Tertiary prevention
Answer: aims to soften impact of ongoing illness. I.e. cardiac or stroke rehab, support groups, vocational
rehab
Question 9: Cross Cultural Health Care Program (CCHCP)
Answer: materials to improve cultural competency among health providers to provide healthcare
interventions and other cultural variants
Page 1
,Question 10: Marginalization
Answer: Major cause of vulnerability referring to exposure to a range of possible harms
Question 11: Variables at risk for marginalization
Answer: high risk health literacy, cultural barriers, low english proficiency
Question 12: Cultural competence
Answer: a dynamic, fluid, continuous process whereby an individual, system or health care agency find
meaningful and useful care delivery strategies based on knowledge of the cultural heritage, beliefs,
attitudes, and behavior of those whom they render care
Question 13: Norms & values
Answer: soecific practices that guide the actions and decisions of each person in a group based on their
culture. Can be learned or shared.
Question 14: Kleinman Explanatory Model
Answer: A set of questions that the APN can use in order to assess the culture of a patient.
Question 15: Socioeconomic status
Answer: A measure that takes into account three interrelated dimensions: a person's income level,
education level, and typ of occupation.
Question 16: Disparities
Answer: a higher burden of illness, injury, disability, or mortality experiences by one grup relative to
another
Question 17: Minorities
Answer: a group of people who because of their physical or cultural characteristics, are singled out from
the other in society
Question 18: Food desert
Answer: neighborhoods and communities that have limited access to affordable and nutritious foods
Question 19: Social determinants of health
Answer: poverty, education level, raciam, income, and poor housisng that effect access to healthcare
Page 2
, Question 20: Social justice theory
Answer: the goal that all people will have equal opportunity to healthcare access and quality of
healthcare will be the same
Question 21: Data sources utilized to access determinants of health
Answer: Healthy People 2020, US Census, US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of
Minority Health and Health Disparities
Question 22: Accommodation
Answer: To create an environment that accomodates health practice and ritual from other cultures within
a plan of care
Question 23: Acculturation
Answer: degree to which an individual from one culture has given up the traits of that culture and
adopted the traits of the dominant culture in which they now reside
Question 24: Assimilation
Answer: the social, economic, and political integration of a cultural group into mainstream society to
which it may have emigrated
Question 25: Genetics
Answer: place patients at higher risk for certain disease and if family history reveals this a screening tool
could be used to determine the likelihood of a person developing the disease
Question 26: Genetic risk assessment
Answer: when a patient is determined to have a gene that places them at a higher risk of having a disease
such as cancer, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease
Question 27: Genomics
Answer: study of all genes in the human genome as well as their interaction with other genes, the
individuals environment, and the influence of cultural and psychosocial factors
Question 28: Pharmacogenomics
Answer: medication efficacy, toxicity, and drug interaction based on genetic variations
Question 29: Components of genetic risk assessment
Answer: Accurate family history for 3 generations or genetic blood testing to reveal genes
Page 3
Midterm Questions with Verified Answers (Correct Update)
Question 1: COMPLETE Solutions
Answer: Common risk factors unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use
Question 2: Childhood risk
Answer: conditions before birth and early in childhood influence health in adult life.
Question 3: Risk accumulation
Answer: Ageing is an important marker of the accumulation of modifiable risks for chronic disease
Question 4: Underlying determinants
Answer: a reflection of the major forces driving social, economic, and cultural change. I.e. globalization,
urbanization, population ageing, and general policy environment
Question 5: Poverty
Answer: interconnected with chronic disease in a vicious circle increasing exposure to risks and
decreased access to health services
Question 6: Primary prevention
Answer: aims to prevent disease. I.e. banning hazardous products, educating on healthy/safe habits,
immunizations
Question 7: Secondary prevention
Answer: reduce impact of disease or injury that has already occurred. I.e. screening tests, low-dose
ASA, suitably modified work
Question 8: Tertiary prevention
Answer: aims to soften impact of ongoing illness. I.e. cardiac or stroke rehab, support groups, vocational
rehab
Question 9: Cross Cultural Health Care Program (CCHCP)
Answer: materials to improve cultural competency among health providers to provide healthcare
interventions and other cultural variants
Page 1
,Question 10: Marginalization
Answer: Major cause of vulnerability referring to exposure to a range of possible harms
Question 11: Variables at risk for marginalization
Answer: high risk health literacy, cultural barriers, low english proficiency
Question 12: Cultural competence
Answer: a dynamic, fluid, continuous process whereby an individual, system or health care agency find
meaningful and useful care delivery strategies based on knowledge of the cultural heritage, beliefs,
attitudes, and behavior of those whom they render care
Question 13: Norms & values
Answer: soecific practices that guide the actions and decisions of each person in a group based on their
culture. Can be learned or shared.
Question 14: Kleinman Explanatory Model
Answer: A set of questions that the APN can use in order to assess the culture of a patient.
Question 15: Socioeconomic status
Answer: A measure that takes into account three interrelated dimensions: a person's income level,
education level, and typ of occupation.
Question 16: Disparities
Answer: a higher burden of illness, injury, disability, or mortality experiences by one grup relative to
another
Question 17: Minorities
Answer: a group of people who because of their physical or cultural characteristics, are singled out from
the other in society
Question 18: Food desert
Answer: neighborhoods and communities that have limited access to affordable and nutritious foods
Question 19: Social determinants of health
Answer: poverty, education level, raciam, income, and poor housisng that effect access to healthcare
Page 2
, Question 20: Social justice theory
Answer: the goal that all people will have equal opportunity to healthcare access and quality of
healthcare will be the same
Question 21: Data sources utilized to access determinants of health
Answer: Healthy People 2020, US Census, US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of
Minority Health and Health Disparities
Question 22: Accommodation
Answer: To create an environment that accomodates health practice and ritual from other cultures within
a plan of care
Question 23: Acculturation
Answer: degree to which an individual from one culture has given up the traits of that culture and
adopted the traits of the dominant culture in which they now reside
Question 24: Assimilation
Answer: the social, economic, and political integration of a cultural group into mainstream society to
which it may have emigrated
Question 25: Genetics
Answer: place patients at higher risk for certain disease and if family history reveals this a screening tool
could be used to determine the likelihood of a person developing the disease
Question 26: Genetic risk assessment
Answer: when a patient is determined to have a gene that places them at a higher risk of having a disease
such as cancer, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease
Question 27: Genomics
Answer: study of all genes in the human genome as well as their interaction with other genes, the
individuals environment, and the influence of cultural and psychosocial factors
Question 28: Pharmacogenomics
Answer: medication efficacy, toxicity, and drug interaction based on genetic variations
Question 29: Components of genetic risk assessment
Answer: Accurate family history for 3 generations or genetic blood testing to reveal genes
Page 3
