Microbiology Chapter 7(Openstax) Test
Questions with Quality Answers
2026/2027.
Macronutrients - Answer A chemical substance that an organism must obtain in relatively
large amounts
micronutrients - Answer vitamins and minerals
trace elements - Answer An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minute
amounts.
organic molecule - Answer A molecule containing carbon that is a part of or produced by living
systems.
biomolecules - Answer organic molecules which combine to form living organisms; includes
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
carbon skeleton - Answer The chain of carbon atoms that forms the structural backbone of an
organic molecule.
isomers - Answer Two different molecules that have the same chemical formula
structural formula - Answer a formula that shows the arrangement of atoms in the molecule
of a compound.
structural isomers - Answer differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms
stereoisomers - Answer Compounds with the same structural formula but with a different
arrangement of the atoms in space.
enantiomers - Answer isomers that are mirror images of each other
chirality - Answer A property of a compound to exist in both left and right forms; occurs
whenever a compound contains an asymmetric carbon
, functional groups - Answer the components of organic molecules that are most commonly
involved in chemical reactions
macromolecules - Answer A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules
monomers - Answer building blocks of polymers
polymers - Answer large compound formed from combinations of many monomers
dehydration synthesis - Answer A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond
to each other with the removal of a water molecule.
carbohydrate - Answer compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major
source of energy for the human body
saccharides - Answer carbohydrate units
Monosaccharides - Answer Single sugar molecules
disaccharide - Answer A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by
dehydration synthesis.
glycosidic bond - Answer A glycosidic bond is a covalent bond in which a carbohydrate binds to
another group, which could also be a carbohydrate. A glycosidic bond is found between the two
glucose molecules in maltose.
polysaccharides - Answer Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides
starch - Answer A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.
glycogen - Answer An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver
and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.
cellulose - Answer A substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of many
organisms
lipid - Answer Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Questions with Quality Answers
2026/2027.
Macronutrients - Answer A chemical substance that an organism must obtain in relatively
large amounts
micronutrients - Answer vitamins and minerals
trace elements - Answer An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minute
amounts.
organic molecule - Answer A molecule containing carbon that is a part of or produced by living
systems.
biomolecules - Answer organic molecules which combine to form living organisms; includes
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
carbon skeleton - Answer The chain of carbon atoms that forms the structural backbone of an
organic molecule.
isomers - Answer Two different molecules that have the same chemical formula
structural formula - Answer a formula that shows the arrangement of atoms in the molecule
of a compound.
structural isomers - Answer differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms
stereoisomers - Answer Compounds with the same structural formula but with a different
arrangement of the atoms in space.
enantiomers - Answer isomers that are mirror images of each other
chirality - Answer A property of a compound to exist in both left and right forms; occurs
whenever a compound contains an asymmetric carbon
, functional groups - Answer the components of organic molecules that are most commonly
involved in chemical reactions
macromolecules - Answer A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules
monomers - Answer building blocks of polymers
polymers - Answer large compound formed from combinations of many monomers
dehydration synthesis - Answer A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond
to each other with the removal of a water molecule.
carbohydrate - Answer compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major
source of energy for the human body
saccharides - Answer carbohydrate units
Monosaccharides - Answer Single sugar molecules
disaccharide - Answer A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by
dehydration synthesis.
glycosidic bond - Answer A glycosidic bond is a covalent bond in which a carbohydrate binds to
another group, which could also be a carbohydrate. A glycosidic bond is found between the two
glucose molecules in maltose.
polysaccharides - Answer Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides
starch - Answer A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.
glycogen - Answer An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver
and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.
cellulose - Answer A substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of many
organisms
lipid - Answer Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
