,Campbell Biology, 12e (Urry)
Chapter 1 Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry
1.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) Which of the following statements about cells is correct?
A) Single cells cannot exist independently.
B) Cells are limited in size, which is between 200 to 500 micrometers in diameter.
C) Some cells are non-living in nature.
D) Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms are made up of cells.
Answer: D
Topic: The study of life reveals unifying themes
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 1.1; Global LO: G4, V&C LO: VC-SF
2) A cell lacking which of the following structures is most likely to be a prokaryote?
A) Nuclear membrane
B) Cell membrane
C) Cytoplasm
D) Nucleic acid
Answer: A
Topic: The study of life reveals unifying themes
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 1.1; Global LO: G4, V&C LO: VC-SF
3) Which of the following types of cells use deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their genetic
material but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?
A) animal
B) plant
C) archaean
D) fungi
Answer: C
Topic: The study of life reveals unifying themes
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 1.1; Global LO: G4, V&C LO: VC-SF
4) To understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand the molecular structure
of DNA. This is an example of the application of which concept to the study of biology?
A) evolution
B) emergent properties
C) reductionism
D) feedback regulation
Answer: C
Topic: The study of life reveals unifying themes
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 1.1; Global LO: G7, V&C LO: VC-SF
1
Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education, Inc.
,5) A double-stranded DNA molecule with three guanine and five thiamine nucleotides (in 5 3
strand) has how many nucleotides in total?
A) 3
B) 5
C) 8
D) 16
Answer: D
Topic: The study of life reveals unifying themes
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 1.1; Global LO: G4, V&C LO: VC-SF
6) Which of the following statements is true regarding the complexity of biological systems?
A) An understanding of the interactions between different components within a living system is
an approach towards understanding reductionism.
B) Knowing the function of a component of a living system can provide insights into the
structure and organization of the living system.
C) Understanding the chemical structure of DNA reveals how it directs the functioning of a
living cell.
D) An ecosystem displays complex properties of the biotic component only.
Answer: B
Topic: The study of life reveals unifying themes
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 1.1; Global LO: G4, V&C LO: VC-SF
7) Which statement about ecological organization is correct?
A) An organism is part of a community.
B) A community is part of a population.
C) An ecosystem is made up of organisms only
D) Biosphere is a part of the ecosystem
Answer: B
Topic: The study of life reveals unifying themes
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 1-2: Remembering/Understanding; Levels 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 1.1; Global LO: G4, V&C LO: VC-SF
8) Apple on tree ripens ripe apple produces ethylene ethylene signals neighboring apples to ripen
neighbor apples produce more ethylene more apples ripen. The above process is an example of
which of the following?
A) positive feedback regulation
B) negative feedback regulation
C) chemical cycling
D) emergent properties
Answer: A
Topic: The study of life reveals unifying themes
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 1.1; Global LO: G1, V&C LO: VC-EM
2
Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education, Inc.
,9) Which of the following is the correct order of organization of genetic material from smallest
to largest?
A) gene, nucleotide, chromosome, genome
B) chromosome, genome, nucleotide, gene
C) genome, chromosome, gene, nucleotide
D) nucleotide, gene, chromosome, genome
Answer: D
Topic: The study of life reveals unifying themes
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 1.1; Global LO: G1, V&C LO: VC-E
10) As letters are to English language, ________ is/are to genetic information.
A) proteins
B) nucleotides
C) DNA double helix
D) carbohydrates
Answer: B
Topic: The study of life reveals unifying themes
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 1.1; Global LO: G4, V&C LO: VC-E
11) Three important research developments that have made the genomic and proteomic
approaches possible are ________.
A) high throughput technology, bioinformatics, and interdisciplinary research teams
B) bioinformatics, gene therapy, and genetically modified organisms
C) computers, nanotechnology, and bioinformatics
D) cloning, computers, and gene therapy
Answer: A
Topic: The study of life reveals unifying themes
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 1.1; Global LO: G4, V&C LO: VC-SF
12) Which of the following questions is considered a thought-provoking scientific query?
A) How long ago did the Pterosaurs live on this planet?
B) Does the amount of solute in water affect the boiling point of the solution?
C) Who invented the telescope?
D) How many tigers are left in India?
Answer: D
Topic: The study of life reveals unifying themes
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 1.1; Global LO: G1, V&C LO: VC-SF
3
Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education, Inc.
,13) Which of the following statements about genetic information is correct?
A) mRNA is the only type of RNA found in a eukaryotic cell
B) All forms of life employ the same genetic code
C) A typical human liver cell has one set of chromosomes
D) DNA is not found in prokaryotic cells
Answer: B
Topic: The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 1.2; Global LO: G4, V&C LO: VC-E
14) Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life?
A) near universality of the genetic code
B) structure of the nucleus
C) structure of cilia
D) structure of chloroplasts
Answer: A
Topic: The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 1.2; Global LO: G1, V&C LO: VC-E
15) Two organisms are ________ if they share more classification levels.
A) closer together in the biosphere they live
B) further apart in the food chain
C) easier to tell apart
D) more similar in characteristics
Answer: D
Topic: The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 1.2; Global LO: G1, V&C LO: VC-E
16) Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms?
A) informatics
B) taxonomy
C) genomics
D) evolution
Answer: B
Topic: The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 1.2; Global LO: G4, V&C LO: VC-SF
4
Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education, Inc.
,17) Use the following figure to answer the question.
Describe groups labeled A and B.
A) A is the most recent species to evolve on Earth whereas B is an ancestor of group "A"
B) A is the most recent species to evolve on Earth whereas B is the last common ancestor of
Archaea and Eukarya
C) A is the common ancestor of all life whereas B is the common ancestor of Bacteria and
Archaea
D) A is the common ancestor of all life whereas B is the last common ancestor of Archaea and
Eukarya
Answer: D
Topic: The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 1.2; Global LO: G3, V&C LO: VC-SF
18) An individual is suffering from a streptococcus infection in their throat. Which of the
following do the individual and the streptococcus bacteria have in common?
A) They both belong to the same domain.
B) They both are made up of cells.
C) They both have genetic material in their nucleus.
D) The individual and Streptococcus have nothing in common.
Answer: B
Topic: The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 1.2; Global LO: G9, V&C LO: VC-SF
19) Which of the following is an example of genetic variation?
A) Two brothers who are twins
B) One sibling is vegan, the other eats meat
C) One sibling has brown eyes, the other has green
D) One of the twins has a scar the other does not
Answer: C
Topic: The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 1.2; Global LO: G9, V&C LO: VC-SF
5
Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education, Inc.
,20) Which of the following is one of Charles Darwin's observations?
A) Individuals in a population are similar in their traits.
B) Many of the traits in an individual are heritable.
C) A population avoids competition by producing only as many offspring as can successfully
reproduce on their own.
D) Species generally are not adapted to their environments.
Answer: B
Topic: The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 1.2; Global LO: G1, V&C LO: VC-E
21) The evolution two or more species from one species as a result of different populations
becoming reproductively isolated from each other is best described as ________.
A) adaptive radiation
B) creationism
C) natural selection
D) prototype
Answer: A
Topic: The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 1.2; Global LO: G1, V&C LO: VC-E
22) Cotton-topped tamarins are small primates with tufts of long white hair on their heads. While
studying these creatures, researchers noticed that males with longer hair get more opportunities
to mate and father more offspring. Which of the following research questions would best test the
hypothesis that having longer hair is adaptive in these males?
A) test whether other traits in these males are also adaptive
B) look for evidence of hair in ancestors of tamarins
C) determine if hair length is heritable
D) test whether males with shaved heads are still able to mate
Answer: C
Topic: In studying nature, scientists form and test hypotheses
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 1.3; Global LO: G1, V&C LO: VC-E
6
Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education, Inc.
,23) Following a scientific method, which of the following is the correct order of steps?
A) Observation → Analysis → Hypothesis → Conclusion → Communicate results →
Experiment
B) Observation → Hypothesis → Experiment → Communicate results → Analysis →
Conclusion
C) Experiment → Hypothesis → Observation → Analysis → Conclusion → Communicate
results
D) Observation → Hypothesis → Experiment → Analysis → Conclusion → Communicate
results
Answer: D
Topic: In studying nature, scientists form and test hypotheses
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 1.3; Global LO: G1, V&C LO: VC-SF
24) Use the information in the graph to answer the following question.
The data can best be used to address which of the following questions?
A) What is the impact of plowing soil on the number of earthworms?
B) Does season has an impact on the size of the earthworms?
C) Does plowing have an impact on the size of the earthworms?
D) What is the impact of plowing on the speed of growth of the earthworms?
Answer: A
Topic: In studying nature, scientists form and test hypotheses
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 5-6: Evaluating/Creating
Learning Outcome: 1.3; Global LO: G3, V&C LO: VC-SF
7
Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education, Inc.
,25) Use the information in the graph to answer the following question.
Which of the following claims is best supported using the graph?
A) Plowing has no effect on the number of earthworms in the soil.
B) More earthworms are found in the soil in spring than in fall.
C) Plowed soil contains more earthworms than unplowed soil.
D) Unplowed soil contains more earthworms than plowed soil.
Answer: D
Topic: In studying nature, scientists form and test hypotheses
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 5-6: Evaluating/Creating
Learning Outcome: 1.3; Global LO: G3, V&C LO: VC-SF
8
Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 1 Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry
1.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) Which of the following statements about cells is correct?
A) Single cells cannot exist independently.
B) Cells are limited in size, which is between 200 to 500 micrometers in diameter.
C) Some cells are non-living in nature.
D) Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms are made up of cells.
Answer: D
Topic: The study of life reveals unifying themes
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 1.1; Global LO: G4, V&C LO: VC-SF
2) A cell lacking which of the following structures is most likely to be a prokaryote?
A) Nuclear membrane
B) Cell membrane
C) Cytoplasm
D) Nucleic acid
Answer: A
Topic: The study of life reveals unifying themes
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 1.1; Global LO: G4, V&C LO: VC-SF
3) Which of the following types of cells use deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their genetic
material but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?
A) animal
B) plant
C) archaean
D) fungi
Answer: C
Topic: The study of life reveals unifying themes
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 1.1; Global LO: G4, V&C LO: VC-SF
4) To understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand the molecular structure
of DNA. This is an example of the application of which concept to the study of biology?
A) evolution
B) emergent properties
C) reductionism
D) feedback regulation
Answer: C
Topic: The study of life reveals unifying themes
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 1.1; Global LO: G7, V&C LO: VC-SF
1
Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education, Inc.
,5) A double-stranded DNA molecule with three guanine and five thiamine nucleotides (in 5 3
strand) has how many nucleotides in total?
A) 3
B) 5
C) 8
D) 16
Answer: D
Topic: The study of life reveals unifying themes
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 1.1; Global LO: G4, V&C LO: VC-SF
6) Which of the following statements is true regarding the complexity of biological systems?
A) An understanding of the interactions between different components within a living system is
an approach towards understanding reductionism.
B) Knowing the function of a component of a living system can provide insights into the
structure and organization of the living system.
C) Understanding the chemical structure of DNA reveals how it directs the functioning of a
living cell.
D) An ecosystem displays complex properties of the biotic component only.
Answer: B
Topic: The study of life reveals unifying themes
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 1.1; Global LO: G4, V&C LO: VC-SF
7) Which statement about ecological organization is correct?
A) An organism is part of a community.
B) A community is part of a population.
C) An ecosystem is made up of organisms only
D) Biosphere is a part of the ecosystem
Answer: B
Topic: The study of life reveals unifying themes
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 1-2: Remembering/Understanding; Levels 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 1.1; Global LO: G4, V&C LO: VC-SF
8) Apple on tree ripens ripe apple produces ethylene ethylene signals neighboring apples to ripen
neighbor apples produce more ethylene more apples ripen. The above process is an example of
which of the following?
A) positive feedback regulation
B) negative feedback regulation
C) chemical cycling
D) emergent properties
Answer: A
Topic: The study of life reveals unifying themes
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 1.1; Global LO: G1, V&C LO: VC-EM
2
Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education, Inc.
,9) Which of the following is the correct order of organization of genetic material from smallest
to largest?
A) gene, nucleotide, chromosome, genome
B) chromosome, genome, nucleotide, gene
C) genome, chromosome, gene, nucleotide
D) nucleotide, gene, chromosome, genome
Answer: D
Topic: The study of life reveals unifying themes
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 1.1; Global LO: G1, V&C LO: VC-E
10) As letters are to English language, ________ is/are to genetic information.
A) proteins
B) nucleotides
C) DNA double helix
D) carbohydrates
Answer: B
Topic: The study of life reveals unifying themes
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 1.1; Global LO: G4, V&C LO: VC-E
11) Three important research developments that have made the genomic and proteomic
approaches possible are ________.
A) high throughput technology, bioinformatics, and interdisciplinary research teams
B) bioinformatics, gene therapy, and genetically modified organisms
C) computers, nanotechnology, and bioinformatics
D) cloning, computers, and gene therapy
Answer: A
Topic: The study of life reveals unifying themes
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 1.1; Global LO: G4, V&C LO: VC-SF
12) Which of the following questions is considered a thought-provoking scientific query?
A) How long ago did the Pterosaurs live on this planet?
B) Does the amount of solute in water affect the boiling point of the solution?
C) Who invented the telescope?
D) How many tigers are left in India?
Answer: D
Topic: The study of life reveals unifying themes
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 1.1; Global LO: G1, V&C LO: VC-SF
3
Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education, Inc.
,13) Which of the following statements about genetic information is correct?
A) mRNA is the only type of RNA found in a eukaryotic cell
B) All forms of life employ the same genetic code
C) A typical human liver cell has one set of chromosomes
D) DNA is not found in prokaryotic cells
Answer: B
Topic: The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 1.2; Global LO: G4, V&C LO: VC-E
14) Which of these provides evidence of the common ancestry of all life?
A) near universality of the genetic code
B) structure of the nucleus
C) structure of cilia
D) structure of chloroplasts
Answer: A
Topic: The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 1.2; Global LO: G1, V&C LO: VC-E
15) Two organisms are ________ if they share more classification levels.
A) closer together in the biosphere they live
B) further apart in the food chain
C) easier to tell apart
D) more similar in characteristics
Answer: D
Topic: The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 1.2; Global LO: G1, V&C LO: VC-E
16) Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms?
A) informatics
B) taxonomy
C) genomics
D) evolution
Answer: B
Topic: The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 1.2; Global LO: G4, V&C LO: VC-SF
4
Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education, Inc.
,17) Use the following figure to answer the question.
Describe groups labeled A and B.
A) A is the most recent species to evolve on Earth whereas B is an ancestor of group "A"
B) A is the most recent species to evolve on Earth whereas B is the last common ancestor of
Archaea and Eukarya
C) A is the common ancestor of all life whereas B is the common ancestor of Bacteria and
Archaea
D) A is the common ancestor of all life whereas B is the last common ancestor of Archaea and
Eukarya
Answer: D
Topic: The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 1.2; Global LO: G3, V&C LO: VC-SF
18) An individual is suffering from a streptococcus infection in their throat. Which of the
following do the individual and the streptococcus bacteria have in common?
A) They both belong to the same domain.
B) They both are made up of cells.
C) They both have genetic material in their nucleus.
D) The individual and Streptococcus have nothing in common.
Answer: B
Topic: The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 1.2; Global LO: G9, V&C LO: VC-SF
19) Which of the following is an example of genetic variation?
A) Two brothers who are twins
B) One sibling is vegan, the other eats meat
C) One sibling has brown eyes, the other has green
D) One of the twins has a scar the other does not
Answer: C
Topic: The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 1.2; Global LO: G9, V&C LO: VC-SF
5
Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education, Inc.
,20) Which of the following is one of Charles Darwin's observations?
A) Individuals in a population are similar in their traits.
B) Many of the traits in an individual are heritable.
C) A population avoids competition by producing only as many offspring as can successfully
reproduce on their own.
D) Species generally are not adapted to their environments.
Answer: B
Topic: The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 1.2; Global LO: G1, V&C LO: VC-E
21) The evolution two or more species from one species as a result of different populations
becoming reproductively isolated from each other is best described as ________.
A) adaptive radiation
B) creationism
C) natural selection
D) prototype
Answer: A
Topic: The Core Theme: Evolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 1.2; Global LO: G1, V&C LO: VC-E
22) Cotton-topped tamarins are small primates with tufts of long white hair on their heads. While
studying these creatures, researchers noticed that males with longer hair get more opportunities
to mate and father more offspring. Which of the following research questions would best test the
hypothesis that having longer hair is adaptive in these males?
A) test whether other traits in these males are also adaptive
B) look for evidence of hair in ancestors of tamarins
C) determine if hair length is heritable
D) test whether males with shaved heads are still able to mate
Answer: C
Topic: In studying nature, scientists form and test hypotheses
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
Learning Outcome: 1.3; Global LO: G1, V&C LO: VC-E
6
Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education, Inc.
,23) Following a scientific method, which of the following is the correct order of steps?
A) Observation → Analysis → Hypothesis → Conclusion → Communicate results →
Experiment
B) Observation → Hypothesis → Experiment → Communicate results → Analysis →
Conclusion
C) Experiment → Hypothesis → Observation → Analysis → Conclusion → Communicate
results
D) Observation → Hypothesis → Experiment → Analysis → Conclusion → Communicate
results
Answer: D
Topic: In studying nature, scientists form and test hypotheses
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
Learning Outcome: 1.3; Global LO: G1, V&C LO: VC-SF
24) Use the information in the graph to answer the following question.
The data can best be used to address which of the following questions?
A) What is the impact of plowing soil on the number of earthworms?
B) Does season has an impact on the size of the earthworms?
C) Does plowing have an impact on the size of the earthworms?
D) What is the impact of plowing on the speed of growth of the earthworms?
Answer: A
Topic: In studying nature, scientists form and test hypotheses
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 5-6: Evaluating/Creating
Learning Outcome: 1.3; Global LO: G3, V&C LO: VC-SF
7
Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education, Inc.
,25) Use the information in the graph to answer the following question.
Which of the following claims is best supported using the graph?
A) Plowing has no effect on the number of earthworms in the soil.
B) More earthworms are found in the soil in spring than in fall.
C) Plowed soil contains more earthworms than unplowed soil.
D) Unplowed soil contains more earthworms than plowed soil.
Answer: D
Topic: In studying nature, scientists form and test hypotheses
Bloom's Taxonomy: Levels 5-6: Evaluating/Creating
Learning Outcome: 1.3; Global LO: G3, V&C LO: VC-SF
8
Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education, Inc.
