UTA 5315 EXAM 5 RENAL AND REPRODUCTIVE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | UTA 5315 EXAM 5 STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST
2026/2027
Inversely - Correct answer ✔✔ phosphorus and calcium are _______ related
Decreases, increases - Correct answer ✔✔ Calcium __________ in renal failure, so phosphorus
______________
Nephron - Correct answer ✔✔ Functions: filtration, reabsorption, secretion
glomerular filtration - Correct answer ✔✔ The first step in urine formation in which substances
in blood pass through the filtration membrane and the filtrate enters the proximal convoluted
tubule of the nephron.
Glomerular filtration rate GFR - Correct answer ✔✔ amount of filtrate formed in all the renal
corpuscles of both kidneys each minute; filtration of plasma per unit of time; directly related to
the perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries; filtrate enters proximal tubule @
125ml/min
proximal convoluted tubule - Correct answer ✔✔ first section of the renal tubule that the blood
flows through; Reabsorbs all the glucose and reabsorbs amino acids, most of the HCO3, a, Cl,
phosphate, K, H20; If serum glucose is >180 mg/dL, the renal threshold for glucose is exceeded
and results in glucosuria and damage associated with DM; When stimulated by the parathyroid
hormone, this tubule excretes phosphate; The site of action for angiotensin II, which stimulates
Na, H20, and Bicarb reabsorption
Descending loop of Henle - Correct answer ✔✔ section of nephron tubing that extends from
proximal tubule; impermeable to Na, passively reabsorbs water and concentrates urine
, ascending loop of henle - Correct answer ✔✔ section of nephron tubing that extends from
descending loop of henle; actively reabsorbs Na, K, Cl; Induces the reabsorption of magnesium
and Ca and is IMPEREABLE to water -> making the urine more dilute
distal convoluted tubule - Correct answer ✔✔ Between the descending loop of Henle and the
collecting duct; Selective reabsorption and secretion occur here, actively reabsorbs Na;
Impermeable to water, making urine more dilute; Parathyroid hormone increases Ca
reabsorption here
Collecting tubule - Correct answer ✔✔ Extends from the distal convoluted tubule and connects
with the renal pyramids; Reabsorbs Na in exchange for K and H+; this process is regulated by the
hormone aldosterone and is the site of action for Antidiuretic hormone as well
Juxtaglomerular cells - Correct answer ✔✔ part of Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) that is a
collection of cells that monitor renal pressure and help to maintain normal GFR through the
release of RENIN
When renal perfusion is decreased these cells release renin got help increase GFR; end result of
renin is the release of angiotensin II which constricts the efferent arteriole and thus increases
the pressure to the glomerulus
Macula Densa - Correct answer ✔✔ part of JGA that is a group of epithelial cells located in the
distal convoluted tubule that are in close contact with afferent and efferent arterioles
helps regulate GFR
Mesangial Cells - Correct answer ✔✔ Part of JGA that function as macrophages and are able to
contract to regular blood flow of the glomerular capillaries
ANSWERS | UTA 5315 EXAM 5 STUDY GUIDE & PRACTICE TEST
2026/2027
Inversely - Correct answer ✔✔ phosphorus and calcium are _______ related
Decreases, increases - Correct answer ✔✔ Calcium __________ in renal failure, so phosphorus
______________
Nephron - Correct answer ✔✔ Functions: filtration, reabsorption, secretion
glomerular filtration - Correct answer ✔✔ The first step in urine formation in which substances
in blood pass through the filtration membrane and the filtrate enters the proximal convoluted
tubule of the nephron.
Glomerular filtration rate GFR - Correct answer ✔✔ amount of filtrate formed in all the renal
corpuscles of both kidneys each minute; filtration of plasma per unit of time; directly related to
the perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries; filtrate enters proximal tubule @
125ml/min
proximal convoluted tubule - Correct answer ✔✔ first section of the renal tubule that the blood
flows through; Reabsorbs all the glucose and reabsorbs amino acids, most of the HCO3, a, Cl,
phosphate, K, H20; If serum glucose is >180 mg/dL, the renal threshold for glucose is exceeded
and results in glucosuria and damage associated with DM; When stimulated by the parathyroid
hormone, this tubule excretes phosphate; The site of action for angiotensin II, which stimulates
Na, H20, and Bicarb reabsorption
Descending loop of Henle - Correct answer ✔✔ section of nephron tubing that extends from
proximal tubule; impermeable to Na, passively reabsorbs water and concentrates urine
, ascending loop of henle - Correct answer ✔✔ section of nephron tubing that extends from
descending loop of henle; actively reabsorbs Na, K, Cl; Induces the reabsorption of magnesium
and Ca and is IMPEREABLE to water -> making the urine more dilute
distal convoluted tubule - Correct answer ✔✔ Between the descending loop of Henle and the
collecting duct; Selective reabsorption and secretion occur here, actively reabsorbs Na;
Impermeable to water, making urine more dilute; Parathyroid hormone increases Ca
reabsorption here
Collecting tubule - Correct answer ✔✔ Extends from the distal convoluted tubule and connects
with the renal pyramids; Reabsorbs Na in exchange for K and H+; this process is regulated by the
hormone aldosterone and is the site of action for Antidiuretic hormone as well
Juxtaglomerular cells - Correct answer ✔✔ part of Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) that is a
collection of cells that monitor renal pressure and help to maintain normal GFR through the
release of RENIN
When renal perfusion is decreased these cells release renin got help increase GFR; end result of
renin is the release of angiotensin II which constricts the efferent arteriole and thus increases
the pressure to the glomerulus
Macula Densa - Correct answer ✔✔ part of JGA that is a group of epithelial cells located in the
distal convoluted tubule that are in close contact with afferent and efferent arterioles
helps regulate GFR
Mesangial Cells - Correct answer ✔✔ Part of JGA that function as macrophages and are able to
contract to regular blood flow of the glomerular capillaries
