Psychology Research Methods How to Think About and Write About Research 2nd Edition By
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Wendy Heath | Test Bank | Chapters 1 to 13 Test Bank Chapter 1-
Chapter 01 Test Bank - Easy
Questions & Answers
1. The method used to select people to participate in a research study is called ______.
A. selecting
B. choosing
C. retaining
D. sampling
Correct Answer: D. sampling
2. In research, a population is made up of ______.
A. all the people the researcher is interested in studying
B. every person selected to participate in the study
C. the people recruited by the researcher for the study
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D. those chosen by a specific sampling method
Correct Answer: A. all the people the researcher is interested in studying
3. The four goals of scientific research are ______.
A. observe, describe, predict, and explain
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B. record, describe, explain, and predict
C. understand, describe, explain, and predict
D. describe, explain, predict, and control
Correct Answer: D. describe, explain, predict, and control
4. Explaining a behavior or psychological phenomenon answers the question of ______.
A. what
B. where
C. when
D. why
Correct Answer: D. why
5. A hypothesis is a(n) ______.
A. understanding of a general theory
B. description of a specific behavior
C. belief regarding a phenomena
D. expectation of what will occur
Correct Answer: D. expectation of what will occur
Test Bank Chapter 1- Test Bank Psychology Research Methods 2nd Edition By Wendy Heath @ StudentsHelp @
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6. The ______ variable is one the researcher manipulates, and the dependent variable is one the
researcher measures.
A. first
B. confounding
C. independent
D. extraneous
Correct Answer: C. independent
7. Empirical data comes from ______.
A. deductive reasoning
B. systematic observation
C. logical reasoning
D. rational thinking
Correct Answer: B. systematic observation
8. Researchers use only a portion of the population as participants.
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A. True
B. False
Correct Answer: A. True
9. For a behavior to be studied, it must be observable.
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A. True
B. False
Correct Answer: B. False
10. Random assignment is used to ensure that the participants in the experimental and control
groups do not differ on important characteristics.
A. True
B. False
Correct Answer: A. True
11. Replication is important for both internal and external validity.
A. True
B. False
Correct Answer: A. True
12. Having other researchers evaluate a study before publication is a process called scientific
review.
A. True
B. False
Correct Answer: B. False
Test Bank Chapter 1- Test Bank Psychology Research Methods 2nd Edition By Wendy Heath @ StudentsHelp @
, @ StudentsHelp @ Test Bank Chapter 1-
Chapter 01 Test Bank - Hard
Questions & Answers
1. If Luis is interested in studying the health issues faced by seasonal migrant workers in his state,
who makes up the population of interest?
A. all migrant workers
B. migrant workers selected to participate
C. migrant workers that live and work in his state
D. migrant workers who live and work in his city
Correct Answer: C. migrant workers that live and work in his state
2. Zaire is studying a rarely seen courtship behavior in a bird called the Western Grebes. The
courtship includes behaviors like a duet dance and a zipping wingtip flying display. What is the first
thing Zaire should do when researching the courtship?
A. Explain why the courtship behavior takes place.
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B. Describe the courtship behavior in great detail.
C. Control for any outside influence on the courtship.
D. Predict when the courtship takes place in the wild.
Correct Answer: B. Describe the courtship behavior in great detail.
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3. Mario is testing the behaviorist theory of operant conditioning, which states that behaviors are
learned through a series of rewards and punishments. Which statement represents a hypothesis
derived from the theory?
A. Rewards are a form of behavioral reinforcement.
B. Behaviors rewarded with positive stimuli are expected to increase.
C. Punishments are negative stimuli presented after a behavior.
D. Conditioning occurs as a function of rewards and punishments.
Correct Answer: B. Behaviors rewarded with positive stimuli are expected to increase.
4. The theory of objective self−awareness suggests that when people are self−aware, they tend to
focus on what behavior is expected in a particular setting. Which of the following is a prediction of
objective self−awareness?
A. As self−awareness decreases, expected behavior will also decrease.
B. As people become more self−aware, they become more self−conscious.
C. As behaviors become more appropriate, self−awareness will decrease.
D. As expectations are met, behaviors will be reinforced and increase.
Correct Answer: A. As self−awareness decreases, expected behavior will also decrease.
5. Jelani is investigating the rubber hand illusion. In this illusion, a person a develops a sensation of
being touched while watching a fake rubber hand being touched. The goal of Jelani’s research is to
learn more about the brain mechanisms involved that create the perceptual experience of being
touched. This scenario is an example of ______ psychological research.
Test Bank Chapter 1- Test Bank Psychology Research Methods 2nd Edition By Wendy Heath @ StudentsHelp @
, @ StudentsHelp @ Test Bank Chapter 1-
A. basic
B. simple
C. applied
D. extrasensory
Correct Answer: A. basic
6. Zara has noticed that people are more likely to agree to a request when there are large numbers
of other people around compared to when there are fewer people around. She wonders why this
occurs and thinks it would be a good idea to research. If Zara wants to pursue her research idea,
what should she do next?
A. Identify the variables involved and operationalize them for study.
B. Read the current research to determine what others have already studied.
C. Consult with researchers who have already studied the phenomena to discuss her idea.
D. Decide on whether she wants to conduct descriptive or experimental research.
Correct Answer: B. Read the current research to determine what others have already studied.
Test Bank
7. Luiz is studying the effects of prior context on the comprehension of scientific textual information.
He manipulates the difficulty level of the prior context creating three conditions: simple,
intermediate, and difficult. He then measures the participants comprehension of the material by
asking questions about the material they had read. In Luiz’s study, the prior context is the ______
variable.
A. confounding
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B. dependent
C. measured
D. independent
Correct Answer: D. independent
8. Parvati is studying how familiarity influences attraction. She defines “attraction” as physiological
changes—such as heartrate, temperature, and pupil dilation—evoked by liking of someone. She
defines “familiarity” as the recognizability of another person due to experience. Which goal of
science has Parvati met? Why this is important?
A. Sample response: The scenario illustrates the description goal of science. The two behaviors,
attraction and familiarity, are not observable. Therefore, Parvati must describe them in such a way
as to make them concrete and measurable. In other words, researchers must describe what a
specific behavior is in terms of what they are going to look for and in a way that is objective.
Correct Answer: Self Answer by Student
9. Discuss how variables can be operationalized in different ways. Provide an example.
A. Sample response: Many variables can be studied in different ways therefore researchers are
able to choose how they want to operationalize their variable of interest. For example, there are
many ways we could operationalize “attraction.” It could be operationalized as physiological
changes, amount of smiling and eye-contact, or in terms of physical proximity. The point of
operationalizing a variable is to specify the meaning of the variable in terms of how it will be
measured and studied.
Correct Answer: Self Answer by Student
Test Bank Chapter 1- Test Bank Psychology Research Methods 2nd Edition By Wendy Heath @ StudentsHelp @
@ StudentsHelp @
Wendy Heath | Test Bank | Chapters 1 to 13 Test Bank Chapter 1-
Chapter 01 Test Bank - Easy
Questions & Answers
1. The method used to select people to participate in a research study is called ______.
A. selecting
B. choosing
C. retaining
D. sampling
Correct Answer: D. sampling
2. In research, a population is made up of ______.
A. all the people the researcher is interested in studying
B. every person selected to participate in the study
C. the people recruited by the researcher for the study
Test Bank
D. those chosen by a specific sampling method
Correct Answer: A. all the people the researcher is interested in studying
3. The four goals of scientific research are ______.
A. observe, describe, predict, and explain
@ StudentsHelp @
B. record, describe, explain, and predict
C. understand, describe, explain, and predict
D. describe, explain, predict, and control
Correct Answer: D. describe, explain, predict, and control
4. Explaining a behavior or psychological phenomenon answers the question of ______.
A. what
B. where
C. when
D. why
Correct Answer: D. why
5. A hypothesis is a(n) ______.
A. understanding of a general theory
B. description of a specific behavior
C. belief regarding a phenomena
D. expectation of what will occur
Correct Answer: D. expectation of what will occur
Test Bank Chapter 1- Test Bank Psychology Research Methods 2nd Edition By Wendy Heath @ StudentsHelp @
, @ StudentsHelp @ Test Bank Chapter 1-
6. The ______ variable is one the researcher manipulates, and the dependent variable is one the
researcher measures.
A. first
B. confounding
C. independent
D. extraneous
Correct Answer: C. independent
7. Empirical data comes from ______.
A. deductive reasoning
B. systematic observation
C. logical reasoning
D. rational thinking
Correct Answer: B. systematic observation
8. Researchers use only a portion of the population as participants.
Test Bank
A. True
B. False
Correct Answer: A. True
9. For a behavior to be studied, it must be observable.
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A. True
B. False
Correct Answer: B. False
10. Random assignment is used to ensure that the participants in the experimental and control
groups do not differ on important characteristics.
A. True
B. False
Correct Answer: A. True
11. Replication is important for both internal and external validity.
A. True
B. False
Correct Answer: A. True
12. Having other researchers evaluate a study before publication is a process called scientific
review.
A. True
B. False
Correct Answer: B. False
Test Bank Chapter 1- Test Bank Psychology Research Methods 2nd Edition By Wendy Heath @ StudentsHelp @
, @ StudentsHelp @ Test Bank Chapter 1-
Chapter 01 Test Bank - Hard
Questions & Answers
1. If Luis is interested in studying the health issues faced by seasonal migrant workers in his state,
who makes up the population of interest?
A. all migrant workers
B. migrant workers selected to participate
C. migrant workers that live and work in his state
D. migrant workers who live and work in his city
Correct Answer: C. migrant workers that live and work in his state
2. Zaire is studying a rarely seen courtship behavior in a bird called the Western Grebes. The
courtship includes behaviors like a duet dance and a zipping wingtip flying display. What is the first
thing Zaire should do when researching the courtship?
A. Explain why the courtship behavior takes place.
Test Bank
B. Describe the courtship behavior in great detail.
C. Control for any outside influence on the courtship.
D. Predict when the courtship takes place in the wild.
Correct Answer: B. Describe the courtship behavior in great detail.
@ StudentsHelp @
3. Mario is testing the behaviorist theory of operant conditioning, which states that behaviors are
learned through a series of rewards and punishments. Which statement represents a hypothesis
derived from the theory?
A. Rewards are a form of behavioral reinforcement.
B. Behaviors rewarded with positive stimuli are expected to increase.
C. Punishments are negative stimuli presented after a behavior.
D. Conditioning occurs as a function of rewards and punishments.
Correct Answer: B. Behaviors rewarded with positive stimuli are expected to increase.
4. The theory of objective self−awareness suggests that when people are self−aware, they tend to
focus on what behavior is expected in a particular setting. Which of the following is a prediction of
objective self−awareness?
A. As self−awareness decreases, expected behavior will also decrease.
B. As people become more self−aware, they become more self−conscious.
C. As behaviors become more appropriate, self−awareness will decrease.
D. As expectations are met, behaviors will be reinforced and increase.
Correct Answer: A. As self−awareness decreases, expected behavior will also decrease.
5. Jelani is investigating the rubber hand illusion. In this illusion, a person a develops a sensation of
being touched while watching a fake rubber hand being touched. The goal of Jelani’s research is to
learn more about the brain mechanisms involved that create the perceptual experience of being
touched. This scenario is an example of ______ psychological research.
Test Bank Chapter 1- Test Bank Psychology Research Methods 2nd Edition By Wendy Heath @ StudentsHelp @
, @ StudentsHelp @ Test Bank Chapter 1-
A. basic
B. simple
C. applied
D. extrasensory
Correct Answer: A. basic
6. Zara has noticed that people are more likely to agree to a request when there are large numbers
of other people around compared to when there are fewer people around. She wonders why this
occurs and thinks it would be a good idea to research. If Zara wants to pursue her research idea,
what should she do next?
A. Identify the variables involved and operationalize them for study.
B. Read the current research to determine what others have already studied.
C. Consult with researchers who have already studied the phenomena to discuss her idea.
D. Decide on whether she wants to conduct descriptive or experimental research.
Correct Answer: B. Read the current research to determine what others have already studied.
Test Bank
7. Luiz is studying the effects of prior context on the comprehension of scientific textual information.
He manipulates the difficulty level of the prior context creating three conditions: simple,
intermediate, and difficult. He then measures the participants comprehension of the material by
asking questions about the material they had read. In Luiz’s study, the prior context is the ______
variable.
A. confounding
@ StudentsHelp @
B. dependent
C. measured
D. independent
Correct Answer: D. independent
8. Parvati is studying how familiarity influences attraction. She defines “attraction” as physiological
changes—such as heartrate, temperature, and pupil dilation—evoked by liking of someone. She
defines “familiarity” as the recognizability of another person due to experience. Which goal of
science has Parvati met? Why this is important?
A. Sample response: The scenario illustrates the description goal of science. The two behaviors,
attraction and familiarity, are not observable. Therefore, Parvati must describe them in such a way
as to make them concrete and measurable. In other words, researchers must describe what a
specific behavior is in terms of what they are going to look for and in a way that is objective.
Correct Answer: Self Answer by Student
9. Discuss how variables can be operationalized in different ways. Provide an example.
A. Sample response: Many variables can be studied in different ways therefore researchers are
able to choose how they want to operationalize their variable of interest. For example, there are
many ways we could operationalize “attraction.” It could be operationalized as physiological
changes, amount of smiling and eye-contact, or in terms of physical proximity. The point of
operationalizing a variable is to specify the meaning of the variable in terms of how it will be
measured and studied.
Correct Answer: Self Answer by Student
Test Bank Chapter 1- Test Bank Psychology Research Methods 2nd Edition By Wendy Heath @ StudentsHelp @
