Semmelweis Entrance Exam Medicine Biology
2026 | Latest 200 Q&A + Rationales
Semmelweis Entrance Exam – Medicine Biology (2026) Full Practice Exam
Disclaimer: This is a representative compilation of 200 Semmelweis-style practice
questions based on the official Semmelweis University Medical Biology admission topics
and publicly available study resources. It is not the official Semmelweis exam. For the
complete verified exam bank, refer to the original Stuvia and Docsity documents cited
throughout.
Section 1: Cell Biology and Organelles (Q1–Q25)
Q1: Which organelle is responsible for ATP production through oxidative
phosphorylation and contains its own circular DNA?
A. Endoplasmic reticulum
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Mitochondria [CORRECT]
D. Lysosome
,Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, generating ATP via oxidative
phosphorylation. They contain mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is circular and maternally
inherited. The ER synthesizes proteins and lipids; the Golgi modifies and packages
proteins; lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes for degradation.
Q2: Which structure is present in plant cells but absent in animal cells?
A. Plasma membrane
B. Cell wall [CORRECT]
C. Nucleus
D. Ribosome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Plant cells have a rigid cell wall made primarily of cellulose, which provides
structural support and protection. Animal cells lack a cell wall and instead have only a
plasma membrane.
Q3: Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes for intracellular digestion?
A. Peroxisome
B. Lysosome [CORRECT]
,C. Ribosome
D. Smooth ER
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down waste materials, cellular
debris, and foreign pathogens through phagocytosis. They are also involved in autophagy
and programmed cell death (apoptosis).
Q4: What is the function of ribosomes?
A. Lipid synthesis
B. Protein synthesis [CORRECT]
C. DNA replication
D. ATP production
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ribosomes synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into
polypeptide chains. Free ribosomes synthesize cytosolic proteins, while bound ribosomes
synthesize proteins for secretion or membrane insertion.
Q5: The nucleolus is primarily responsible for:
A. ATP synthesis
B. Protein synthesis
, C. Ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosome assembly [CORRECT]
D. Lipid metabolism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nucleolus is a dense region within the nucleus that contains ribosomal RNA
(rRNA) genes and is responsible for assembling ribosomal subunits.
Q6: During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward
opposite poles?
A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase [CORRECT]
D. Telophase
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Anaphase is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids at the
centromere, pulled by spindle fibers toward opposite poles. This is a checkpoint-controlled
event critical for genetic fidelity. Prophase involves chromatin condensation; metaphase
aligns chromosomes at the equatorial plate; telophase involves nuclear envelope
reformation.
Q7: A prokaryotic cell is characterized by:
2026 | Latest 200 Q&A + Rationales
Semmelweis Entrance Exam – Medicine Biology (2026) Full Practice Exam
Disclaimer: This is a representative compilation of 200 Semmelweis-style practice
questions based on the official Semmelweis University Medical Biology admission topics
and publicly available study resources. It is not the official Semmelweis exam. For the
complete verified exam bank, refer to the original Stuvia and Docsity documents cited
throughout.
Section 1: Cell Biology and Organelles (Q1–Q25)
Q1: Which organelle is responsible for ATP production through oxidative
phosphorylation and contains its own circular DNA?
A. Endoplasmic reticulum
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Mitochondria [CORRECT]
D. Lysosome
,Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, generating ATP via oxidative
phosphorylation. They contain mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is circular and maternally
inherited. The ER synthesizes proteins and lipids; the Golgi modifies and packages
proteins; lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes for degradation.
Q2: Which structure is present in plant cells but absent in animal cells?
A. Plasma membrane
B. Cell wall [CORRECT]
C. Nucleus
D. Ribosome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Plant cells have a rigid cell wall made primarily of cellulose, which provides
structural support and protection. Animal cells lack a cell wall and instead have only a
plasma membrane.
Q3: Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes for intracellular digestion?
A. Peroxisome
B. Lysosome [CORRECT]
,C. Ribosome
D. Smooth ER
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down waste materials, cellular
debris, and foreign pathogens through phagocytosis. They are also involved in autophagy
and programmed cell death (apoptosis).
Q4: What is the function of ribosomes?
A. Lipid synthesis
B. Protein synthesis [CORRECT]
C. DNA replication
D. ATP production
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ribosomes synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into
polypeptide chains. Free ribosomes synthesize cytosolic proteins, while bound ribosomes
synthesize proteins for secretion or membrane insertion.
Q5: The nucleolus is primarily responsible for:
A. ATP synthesis
B. Protein synthesis
, C. Ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosome assembly [CORRECT]
D. Lipid metabolism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nucleolus is a dense region within the nucleus that contains ribosomal RNA
(rRNA) genes and is responsible for assembling ribosomal subunits.
Q6: During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward
opposite poles?
A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase [CORRECT]
D. Telophase
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Anaphase is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids at the
centromere, pulled by spindle fibers toward opposite poles. This is a checkpoint-controlled
event critical for genetic fidelity. Prophase involves chromatin condensation; metaphase
aligns chromosomes at the equatorial plate; telophase involves nuclear envelope
reformation.
Q7: A prokaryotic cell is characterized by:
