Pathophysiology Exam 1 detailed questions with correct answers A+
Grade 2026\2027
Etiology
- correct answer the cause of the disease
Pathogenesis
- correct answer the start of development of disease
evolution of disease
Development or evolution of disease, from initial stimulus to ultimate expression of manifestations of
disease
Clinical Manifestations
- correct answer signs or symptoms
Nosocomial
- correct answer infection r/t exposure in healthcare environment Ex: pt that developed UTI from
catheter
Idiopathic
- correct answer unknown cause
Iatrogenic
- correct answer Cause results from unintended or unwanted medical treatment
(EX: hypothyroidism after thyroid surgery; alopecia [hair loss] after chemotherapy).
Risk factor (predisposing factors)
- correct answer A factor that when present increases the likelihood of disease: increases/risk probablity
of contracting illness ex: smoking increases risk of lung cancer
,Precipitating factor
- correct answer Causes pathologic event
Ex: if someone is exposed to allergic event (bee sting) causes anaphylactic shock
Etiology Disease Classification
- correct answer
symptoms
- correct answer subjective feeling of abnormality in the body
Signs
- correct answer objective or observed manifestation of disease
Acute
- correct answer disease that comes on quickly/suddenly- usually more severe but short lasting
Chronic
- correct answer develops slower-over months or years and can last a life time
Exacerbation
- correct answer when you have a sudden increase in signs/symptoms of disease or severity
Ex: asthma- can live with it but if exposed to allergen can flair up
Remission
- correct answer Decline in severity of sign and symptoms of the disease
More than 5 years= permanent remission
Sequela
- correct answer unwanted outcome of condition that is associated with an acute illness
-paralysis from stroke
,what can cause red blood count would be higher
- correct answer high altitude
The medical examiner report states that the etiology of the disease is overexposure to radiation.
Etiology refers to
- correct answer the cause
A person experiences stress when:
- correct answer when a demand exceeds a person's coping abilities
resulting in:
- correct answer reactions such as disturbances of cognition, emotion, and behavior that can adversely
affect well-being
Individualized Influences on Stress Response:
- correct answer Age: due to lifetime experiences- person can react different in different parts of life
Gender? A lot of gender responses are due to hormonal level differences
Biological Cycles:
Culture:
Personality characteristics: type A higher levels of stress
Who Worked to discover a new sex hormone by Injecting ovarian extracts into rats
- correct answer Dr. Hans Selye
He Witnessed structural changes in stress conditions such as:
- correct answer Enlargement of the adrenal gland
Thymic and other lymphoid structure atrophy got smaller- help body to maintain WBC response and
immunity
Development of bleeding ulcers in the stomach and duodenal lining
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) is used to
- correct answer
, The three stages of GAS are:
- correct answer Alarm stage
Stage of resistance or adaptation
Stage of exhaustion
Alarm stage:
- correct answer can be physical/emotional positive/negative
Arousal of body defenses
Stage of resistance or adaptation
- correct answer Mobilization contributes to fight or flight
Hypothalamus Activated sympathetic nervous system: tells body to take action
Stage of exhaustion
- correct answer Progressive breakdown of compensatory mechanisms
Onset of disease
Body can no longer return to homeostasis- when you see onset of disease
GAS Activation: Alarm stage
- correct answer Stressor triggers the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
Activates sympathetic nervous system
Release of epinephrine
GAS Activation: Resistance stage
- correct answer Begins with the actions of adrenal hormones
Allostasis: your body's ability to adapt
GAS Activation: Exhaustion stage (allostatic overload)
- correct answer Occurs only if stress continues and adaptation is not successful
Endorphins provide momentary
- correct answer pain relief
Grade 2026\2027
Etiology
- correct answer the cause of the disease
Pathogenesis
- correct answer the start of development of disease
evolution of disease
Development or evolution of disease, from initial stimulus to ultimate expression of manifestations of
disease
Clinical Manifestations
- correct answer signs or symptoms
Nosocomial
- correct answer infection r/t exposure in healthcare environment Ex: pt that developed UTI from
catheter
Idiopathic
- correct answer unknown cause
Iatrogenic
- correct answer Cause results from unintended or unwanted medical treatment
(EX: hypothyroidism after thyroid surgery; alopecia [hair loss] after chemotherapy).
Risk factor (predisposing factors)
- correct answer A factor that when present increases the likelihood of disease: increases/risk probablity
of contracting illness ex: smoking increases risk of lung cancer
,Precipitating factor
- correct answer Causes pathologic event
Ex: if someone is exposed to allergic event (bee sting) causes anaphylactic shock
Etiology Disease Classification
- correct answer
symptoms
- correct answer subjective feeling of abnormality in the body
Signs
- correct answer objective or observed manifestation of disease
Acute
- correct answer disease that comes on quickly/suddenly- usually more severe but short lasting
Chronic
- correct answer develops slower-over months or years and can last a life time
Exacerbation
- correct answer when you have a sudden increase in signs/symptoms of disease or severity
Ex: asthma- can live with it but if exposed to allergen can flair up
Remission
- correct answer Decline in severity of sign and symptoms of the disease
More than 5 years= permanent remission
Sequela
- correct answer unwanted outcome of condition that is associated with an acute illness
-paralysis from stroke
,what can cause red blood count would be higher
- correct answer high altitude
The medical examiner report states that the etiology of the disease is overexposure to radiation.
Etiology refers to
- correct answer the cause
A person experiences stress when:
- correct answer when a demand exceeds a person's coping abilities
resulting in:
- correct answer reactions such as disturbances of cognition, emotion, and behavior that can adversely
affect well-being
Individualized Influences on Stress Response:
- correct answer Age: due to lifetime experiences- person can react different in different parts of life
Gender? A lot of gender responses are due to hormonal level differences
Biological Cycles:
Culture:
Personality characteristics: type A higher levels of stress
Who Worked to discover a new sex hormone by Injecting ovarian extracts into rats
- correct answer Dr. Hans Selye
He Witnessed structural changes in stress conditions such as:
- correct answer Enlargement of the adrenal gland
Thymic and other lymphoid structure atrophy got smaller- help body to maintain WBC response and
immunity
Development of bleeding ulcers in the stomach and duodenal lining
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) is used to
- correct answer
, The three stages of GAS are:
- correct answer Alarm stage
Stage of resistance or adaptation
Stage of exhaustion
Alarm stage:
- correct answer can be physical/emotional positive/negative
Arousal of body defenses
Stage of resistance or adaptation
- correct answer Mobilization contributes to fight or flight
Hypothalamus Activated sympathetic nervous system: tells body to take action
Stage of exhaustion
- correct answer Progressive breakdown of compensatory mechanisms
Onset of disease
Body can no longer return to homeostasis- when you see onset of disease
GAS Activation: Alarm stage
- correct answer Stressor triggers the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
Activates sympathetic nervous system
Release of epinephrine
GAS Activation: Resistance stage
- correct answer Begins with the actions of adrenal hormones
Allostasis: your body's ability to adapt
GAS Activation: Exhaustion stage (allostatic overload)
- correct answer Occurs only if stress continues and adaptation is not successful
Endorphins provide momentary
- correct answer pain relief
