,NUR 223 Final Exam Care of Women and Children Questions And
Answers 2026/2027 Jersey College
Q1. Which finding is most characteristic of nephrotic syndrome in a
child?
A) Massive proteinuria with hypoalbuminemia and generalized edema
B) Persistent hypercalcemia with dehydration
C) Severe polycythemia
D) Isolated respiratory alkalosis
Correct Answer: A) Massive proteinuria with hypoalbuminemia and
generalized edema
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome causes increased glomerular permeability,
resulting in substantial urinary protein loss, low serum albumin, and edema.
Q2. A school-age child develops dark, tea-colored urine, periorbital
edema, and hypertension several weeks after a streptococcal throat
infection. Which disorder is most likely?
A) Nephrotic syndrome
B) Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
C) Diabetes insipidus
D) Vesicoureteral reflux
Correct Answer: B) Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
Rationale: Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis commonly presents after
streptococcal infection with hematuria, edema, and hypertension.
Q3. Which laboratory abnormality is particularly concerning in a
child with acute kidney injury?
A) Mildly decreased cholesterol
B) Slightly reduced hematocrit
C) Rising serum potassium
D) Low-normal glucose
Correct Answer: C) Rising serum potassium
Rationale: Impaired renal potassium excretion can produce hyperkalemia,
which can cause life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias.
Q4. A child is suspected of having a Wilms tumor. Which assessment
action should be avoided?
,A) Measuring blood pressure
B) Assessing urine characteristics
C) Observing abdominal contour
D) Repeatedly palpating the abdominal mass
Correct Answer: D) Repeatedly palpating the abdominal mass
Rationale: Manipulation of a suspected Wilms tumor can increase the risk of
tumor rupture and dissemination.
Q5. Why is vesicoureteral reflux clinically important in children?
A) Repeated backward flow of urine can contribute to recurrent infection and
renal scarring
B) It always resolves before any infection occurs
C) It affects only bowel elimination
D) It prevents urine from reaching the bladder
Correct Answer: A) Repeated backward flow of urine can contribute to
recurrent infection and renal scarring
Rationale: Reflux of urine toward the kidneys can facilitate ascending
infection and eventually damage renal tissue.
Q6. A newborn has hypospadias and may require surgical repair.
Which action is important?
A) Perform circumcision immediately
B) Preserve the foreskin because it may be needed for surgical
reconstruction
C) Restrict all feeding
D) Begin toilet training early
Correct Answer: B) Preserve the foreskin because it may be needed for
surgical reconstruction
Rationale: Foreskin tissue may be used during repair of hypospadias, so
circumcision is generally avoided until surgical planning is complete.
Q7. A child with nephrotic syndrome has severe edema. Which
intervention may be included in the care plan?
A) Encourage unrestricted sodium intake
B) Encourage prolonged standing
C) Monitor fluid balance and limit sodium when prescribed
D) Provide excessive free water regardless of condition
, Correct Answer: C) Monitor fluid balance and limit sodium when prescribed
Rationale: Monitoring intake, output, weight, and edema helps evaluate
fluid status, while sodium restriction may reduce fluid retention.
Q8. Which assessment is especially important for a child with acute
glomerulonephritis?
A) Hearing acuity only
B) Visual acuity only
C) Bowel sounds once daily
D) Blood pressure, urine output, weight, and edema
Correct Answer: D) Blood pressure, urine output, weight, and edema
Rationale: Renal inflammation can cause fluid retention, hypertension,
edema, and reduced urine production.
Q9. Which approach is appropriate for a school-age child with
primary nocturnal enuresis?
A) Use supportive behavioral strategies and avoid punishment or shame
B) Punish episodes to increase motivation
C) Restrict all daytime fluids
D) Wake the child every 15 minutes throughout the night
Correct Answer: A) Use supportive behavioral strategies and avoid
punishment or shame
Rationale: Enuresis is managed with supportive approaches that promote
bladder habits and self-esteem rather than punishment.
Q10. A child receiving peritoneal dialysis has cloudy dialysate
drainage. What is the priority concern?
A) Expected treatment response
B) Peritonitis
C) Normal protein loss
D) Improved kidney function
Correct Answer: B) Peritonitis
Rationale: Cloudy peritoneal effluent can indicate infection and requires
prompt evaluation for peritonitis.
CHAPTER 2 — NEUROMUSCULAR AND MUSCULOSKELETAL
DISORDERS
Answers 2026/2027 Jersey College
Q1. Which finding is most characteristic of nephrotic syndrome in a
child?
A) Massive proteinuria with hypoalbuminemia and generalized edema
B) Persistent hypercalcemia with dehydration
C) Severe polycythemia
D) Isolated respiratory alkalosis
Correct Answer: A) Massive proteinuria with hypoalbuminemia and
generalized edema
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome causes increased glomerular permeability,
resulting in substantial urinary protein loss, low serum albumin, and edema.
Q2. A school-age child develops dark, tea-colored urine, periorbital
edema, and hypertension several weeks after a streptococcal throat
infection. Which disorder is most likely?
A) Nephrotic syndrome
B) Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
C) Diabetes insipidus
D) Vesicoureteral reflux
Correct Answer: B) Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
Rationale: Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis commonly presents after
streptococcal infection with hematuria, edema, and hypertension.
Q3. Which laboratory abnormality is particularly concerning in a
child with acute kidney injury?
A) Mildly decreased cholesterol
B) Slightly reduced hematocrit
C) Rising serum potassium
D) Low-normal glucose
Correct Answer: C) Rising serum potassium
Rationale: Impaired renal potassium excretion can produce hyperkalemia,
which can cause life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias.
Q4. A child is suspected of having a Wilms tumor. Which assessment
action should be avoided?
,A) Measuring blood pressure
B) Assessing urine characteristics
C) Observing abdominal contour
D) Repeatedly palpating the abdominal mass
Correct Answer: D) Repeatedly palpating the abdominal mass
Rationale: Manipulation of a suspected Wilms tumor can increase the risk of
tumor rupture and dissemination.
Q5. Why is vesicoureteral reflux clinically important in children?
A) Repeated backward flow of urine can contribute to recurrent infection and
renal scarring
B) It always resolves before any infection occurs
C) It affects only bowel elimination
D) It prevents urine from reaching the bladder
Correct Answer: A) Repeated backward flow of urine can contribute to
recurrent infection and renal scarring
Rationale: Reflux of urine toward the kidneys can facilitate ascending
infection and eventually damage renal tissue.
Q6. A newborn has hypospadias and may require surgical repair.
Which action is important?
A) Perform circumcision immediately
B) Preserve the foreskin because it may be needed for surgical
reconstruction
C) Restrict all feeding
D) Begin toilet training early
Correct Answer: B) Preserve the foreskin because it may be needed for
surgical reconstruction
Rationale: Foreskin tissue may be used during repair of hypospadias, so
circumcision is generally avoided until surgical planning is complete.
Q7. A child with nephrotic syndrome has severe edema. Which
intervention may be included in the care plan?
A) Encourage unrestricted sodium intake
B) Encourage prolonged standing
C) Monitor fluid balance and limit sodium when prescribed
D) Provide excessive free water regardless of condition
, Correct Answer: C) Monitor fluid balance and limit sodium when prescribed
Rationale: Monitoring intake, output, weight, and edema helps evaluate
fluid status, while sodium restriction may reduce fluid retention.
Q8. Which assessment is especially important for a child with acute
glomerulonephritis?
A) Hearing acuity only
B) Visual acuity only
C) Bowel sounds once daily
D) Blood pressure, urine output, weight, and edema
Correct Answer: D) Blood pressure, urine output, weight, and edema
Rationale: Renal inflammation can cause fluid retention, hypertension,
edema, and reduced urine production.
Q9. Which approach is appropriate for a school-age child with
primary nocturnal enuresis?
A) Use supportive behavioral strategies and avoid punishment or shame
B) Punish episodes to increase motivation
C) Restrict all daytime fluids
D) Wake the child every 15 minutes throughout the night
Correct Answer: A) Use supportive behavioral strategies and avoid
punishment or shame
Rationale: Enuresis is managed with supportive approaches that promote
bladder habits and self-esteem rather than punishment.
Q10. A child receiving peritoneal dialysis has cloudy dialysate
drainage. What is the priority concern?
A) Expected treatment response
B) Peritonitis
C) Normal protein loss
D) Improved kidney function
Correct Answer: B) Peritonitis
Rationale: Cloudy peritoneal effluent can indicate infection and requires
prompt evaluation for peritonitis.
CHAPTER 2 — NEUROMUSCULAR AND MUSCULOSKELETAL
DISORDERS
