,NUS 215 Exam 1 Healthcare Foundations Questions And Answers
2026/2027 Jersey College
Q1. Which development is most closely associated with Florence
Nightingale's influence on professional nursing?
A) Using systematic observation, sanitation, and outcomes to improve
patient care
B) Establishing the first pharmaceutical manufacturing company
C) Replacing nursing education with apprenticeship only
D) Eliminating public-health nursing
Correct Answer: A) Using systematic observation, sanitation, and outcomes
to improve patient care
Rationale: Nightingale emphasized sanitation, systematic observation,
record keeping, and analysis of patient outcomes, helping establish nursing
as a scientific profession.
Q2. Which statement best describes nursing as a profession?
A) Nursing consists primarily of carrying out tasks ordered by other
disciplines
B) Nursing practice requires no independent judgment
C) Nursing focuses only on treatment of disease
D) Nursing combines specialized knowledge, ethical standards, clinical
judgment, and accountability for patient care
Correct Answer: D) Nursing combines specialized knowledge, ethical
standards, clinical judgment, and accountability for patient care
Rationale: Professional nursing requires a specialized knowledge base,
ethical conduct, accountability, communication, and clinical decision-making.
Q3. Which activity best represents the nursing aim of health
promotion?
A) Teaching a healthy adult strategies for exercise, nutrition, and disease
prevention
B) Treating complications after a disease has progressed
C) Providing only end-of-life care
D) Performing rehabilitation after permanent disability
Correct Answer: A) Teaching a healthy adult strategies for exercise, nutrition,
and disease prevention
,Rationale: Health promotion helps individuals strengthen behaviors and
conditions that support health before illness occurs.
Q4. Which action best demonstrates professional accountability?
A) Blaming another team member after an error
B) Accepting responsibility for one's actions and reporting an error according
to policy
C) Performing an unfamiliar procedure without assistance
D) Documenting care before it is performed
Correct Answer: B) Accepting responsibility for one's actions and reporting an
error according to policy
Rationale: Accountability means accepting responsibility for professional
decisions, actions, omissions, and their consequences.
Q5. Which behavior best demonstrates professional boundaries?
A) Maintaining a therapeutic relationship focused on the patient's healthcare
needs
B) Sharing personal financial problems with a patient
C) Accepting a large personal loan from a patient
D) Using the therapeutic relationship to meet personal emotional needs
Correct Answer: A) Maintaining a therapeutic relationship focused on the
patient's healthcare needs
Rationale: Professional boundaries maintain a patient-centered therapeutic
relationship and prevent exploitation or inappropriate role relationships.
Q6. Which action most clearly reflects patient-centered care?
A) Incorporating the patient's goals, preferences, and values into the care
plan
B) Making all decisions without consulting the patient
C) Using the same care plan for every patient with the same diagnosis
D) Focusing entirely on laboratory results
Correct Answer: A) Incorporating the patient's goals, preferences, and values
into the care plan
Rationale: Patient-centered care respects the individual's values,
preferences, goals, needs, and participation in healthcare decisions.
, Q7. Which characteristic is essential to professional nursing
practice?
A) Avoiding collaboration with other disciplines
B) Relying only on personal experience
C) Maintaining competence through ongoing learning
D) Performing only routine tasks
Correct Answer: C) Maintaining competence through ongoing learning
Rationale: Healthcare knowledge changes continuously, making lifelong
learning essential for safe and competent professional practice.
Q8. Which activity best illustrates illness prevention?
A) Providing rehabilitation after a stroke
B) Managing pain after surgery
C) Administering an immunization to reduce disease risk
D) Providing comfort during terminal illness
Correct Answer: C) Administering an immunization to reduce disease risk
Rationale: Immunization is a primary prevention strategy designed to
prevent disease before it develops.
CHAPTER 2 — EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE, CRITICAL THINKING, AND
CLINICAL JUDGMENT
Q9. Which description best defines evidence-based practice?
A) Following tradition whenever it differs from research
B) Using research findings without considering patient preferences
C) Making decisions based only on personal experience
D) Integrating best available evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values
Correct Answer: D) Integrating best available evidence, clinical expertise,
and patient values
Rationale: Evidence-based practice combines credible research evidence
with professional expertise and the individual patient's preferences and
circumstances.
Q10. A student notices that a patient's respiratory rate has
increased from 18/min to 30/min and oxygen saturation has fallen
from 97% to 89%. Which clinical-judgment skill is being used when
these findings are identified as important?
2026/2027 Jersey College
Q1. Which development is most closely associated with Florence
Nightingale's influence on professional nursing?
A) Using systematic observation, sanitation, and outcomes to improve
patient care
B) Establishing the first pharmaceutical manufacturing company
C) Replacing nursing education with apprenticeship only
D) Eliminating public-health nursing
Correct Answer: A) Using systematic observation, sanitation, and outcomes
to improve patient care
Rationale: Nightingale emphasized sanitation, systematic observation,
record keeping, and analysis of patient outcomes, helping establish nursing
as a scientific profession.
Q2. Which statement best describes nursing as a profession?
A) Nursing consists primarily of carrying out tasks ordered by other
disciplines
B) Nursing practice requires no independent judgment
C) Nursing focuses only on treatment of disease
D) Nursing combines specialized knowledge, ethical standards, clinical
judgment, and accountability for patient care
Correct Answer: D) Nursing combines specialized knowledge, ethical
standards, clinical judgment, and accountability for patient care
Rationale: Professional nursing requires a specialized knowledge base,
ethical conduct, accountability, communication, and clinical decision-making.
Q3. Which activity best represents the nursing aim of health
promotion?
A) Teaching a healthy adult strategies for exercise, nutrition, and disease
prevention
B) Treating complications after a disease has progressed
C) Providing only end-of-life care
D) Performing rehabilitation after permanent disability
Correct Answer: A) Teaching a healthy adult strategies for exercise, nutrition,
and disease prevention
,Rationale: Health promotion helps individuals strengthen behaviors and
conditions that support health before illness occurs.
Q4. Which action best demonstrates professional accountability?
A) Blaming another team member after an error
B) Accepting responsibility for one's actions and reporting an error according
to policy
C) Performing an unfamiliar procedure without assistance
D) Documenting care before it is performed
Correct Answer: B) Accepting responsibility for one's actions and reporting an
error according to policy
Rationale: Accountability means accepting responsibility for professional
decisions, actions, omissions, and their consequences.
Q5. Which behavior best demonstrates professional boundaries?
A) Maintaining a therapeutic relationship focused on the patient's healthcare
needs
B) Sharing personal financial problems with a patient
C) Accepting a large personal loan from a patient
D) Using the therapeutic relationship to meet personal emotional needs
Correct Answer: A) Maintaining a therapeutic relationship focused on the
patient's healthcare needs
Rationale: Professional boundaries maintain a patient-centered therapeutic
relationship and prevent exploitation or inappropriate role relationships.
Q6. Which action most clearly reflects patient-centered care?
A) Incorporating the patient's goals, preferences, and values into the care
plan
B) Making all decisions without consulting the patient
C) Using the same care plan for every patient with the same diagnosis
D) Focusing entirely on laboratory results
Correct Answer: A) Incorporating the patient's goals, preferences, and values
into the care plan
Rationale: Patient-centered care respects the individual's values,
preferences, goals, needs, and participation in healthcare decisions.
, Q7. Which characteristic is essential to professional nursing
practice?
A) Avoiding collaboration with other disciplines
B) Relying only on personal experience
C) Maintaining competence through ongoing learning
D) Performing only routine tasks
Correct Answer: C) Maintaining competence through ongoing learning
Rationale: Healthcare knowledge changes continuously, making lifelong
learning essential for safe and competent professional practice.
Q8. Which activity best illustrates illness prevention?
A) Providing rehabilitation after a stroke
B) Managing pain after surgery
C) Administering an immunization to reduce disease risk
D) Providing comfort during terminal illness
Correct Answer: C) Administering an immunization to reduce disease risk
Rationale: Immunization is a primary prevention strategy designed to
prevent disease before it develops.
CHAPTER 2 — EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE, CRITICAL THINKING, AND
CLINICAL JUDGMENT
Q9. Which description best defines evidence-based practice?
A) Following tradition whenever it differs from research
B) Using research findings without considering patient preferences
C) Making decisions based only on personal experience
D) Integrating best available evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values
Correct Answer: D) Integrating best available evidence, clinical expertise,
and patient values
Rationale: Evidence-based practice combines credible research evidence
with professional expertise and the individual patient's preferences and
circumstances.
Q10. A student notices that a patient's respiratory rate has
increased from 18/min to 30/min and oxygen saturation has fallen
from 97% to 89%. Which clinical-judgment skill is being used when
these findings are identified as important?
