PNP301 FINAL RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DISORDERS
UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Question:
1. As pulmonary edema progressives, the fluid moves in which of the following sequences?
a.Peribronchial interstitial spaces, bronchi, trachea
b.Alveoli, bronchioles, bronchi
c.Bronchioles, bronchi, trachea
d.Pulmonary capillaries, alveoli, bronchioles
Answer:
b. Alveoli, bronchioles, bronchi
Question:
2. Pulmonary edema produces:
a.a restrictive pulmonary disorder.
b.an obstructive pulmonary disorder.
c.both a restrictive and obstructive disorders.
d.obstructive cardiac disease.
Answer:
a. A restrictive pulmonary disorder
Question:
3. The major pathologic or structural changes seen in the lungs with pulmonary edema include:
1. atelectasis.
2. bronchospasm.
3. high surface tension of alveolar fluids.
4. alveolar flooding.
a.1, 4
b.2, 3
c.1, 2, 3
d.1, 3, 4
Answer:
d. 1, 3, 4 (atelectasis, high surface tension of alveolar fluids, alveolar flooding)
Question:
4. All of the following are causes of cardiogenic pulmonary edema EXCEPT: allergic reaction to drugs.
congenital heart defects. mitral valve disease. myocardial infarction.
Answer:
allergic reaction to drugs
,Question:
5. What is the normal hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary capillaries?
a.0 to 5 mm Hg
b.5 to 10 mm Hg
c.10 to 15 mm Hg
d.15 to 20 mm Hg
Answer:
c. 10 to 15mmHg
Question:
6. Which of the following are risk factors for coronary heart disease?
1. Elevated homocysteine level.
2. Elevated vitamin E level.
3. Hypertension.
4. Diabetes mellitus.
a.1
b.2, 3
c.2, 3, 4
d.1, 3, 4
Answer:
d. 1, 3 and 4 (elevated homocysteine level, hypertension, diabetes mellitus)
Question:
7. A patient has a decreased oncotic pressure. What can be done to increase it?
a.Implement a high-salt diet
b.Administer albumin
c.Administer milrinone
d.Administer morphine sulfate
Answer:
b. administer albumin
Question:
8. A patient with pulmonary edema is cyanotic and complaining of difficulty breathing. What should be
recommended by the respiratory therapist?
a.Provide supplemental oxygen.
b.Begin mechanical ventilation.
c.Have the patient use pursed-lip breathing.
d.Begin bronchopulmonary hygiene therapy.
Answer:
a. provide supplemental oxygen
Question:
9. what is the normal hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary capillaries?
a. 5 to 10 mmhg
b. 10 to 15 mmhg
c. 15 to 20 mmhg
d. 20 to 25 mmhg
,Answer:
B. 10 to 15 mmhg
Question:
10. What is the normal oncotic pressure of the blood?
a. 10 to 15 mmhg
b. 15 to 20 mmhg
c. 20 to 25 mmhg
d. 20 to 25 mmhg
Answer:
D. 20 to 25 mmhg
Question:
11. Examples of the types of surgical procedures that often result in atelectasis include:
1. open heart surgery.
2. craniotomy.
3. gallbladder removal.
4. splenectomy.
a. 1
b. 2, 3
c. 2, 3, 4
d. 1, 3, 4
Answer:
D. A craniotomy or other head surgery does not increase the risk for atelectasis. Thoracic surgery (e.g.,
open heart surgery) and upper abdominal surgery (e.g., gallbladder removal or splenectomy) increase the
risk for atelectasis.
Question:
12. The development of immediate postoperative atelectasis is commonly related to which of the
following?
a.Inappropriate tidal volumes settings during surgery
b.The patient's comorbidities
c.Medication reactions and side effects
d.Excessive bronchial secretions
Answer:
D. The development of immediate postoperative atelectasis is almost always related to excessive bronchial
secretions.
Question:
13. Pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure
Answer:
The most common cause of pulmonary edema is increased _____ pressure.
, Question:
14. Which of the following conditions is least likely to lead to atelectasis?
a.chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
b.acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
c.pleural effusion.
d.pneumothorax.
Answer:
A. COPD does not usually lead to atelectasis. All of the other listed conditions are restrictive in nature and
can lead to atelectasis.
Question:
15. Pulmonary edema
Answer:
Increased capillary permeability stemming from infectious, inflammatory, and other processes will result
in the development of ____.
Question:
16. left sided heart failure
Answer:
Most common cause of pulmonary edema
Question:
17. Over-hydration with intravenous fluids Inflammation in lungs Low plasma protein levels
(hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia)
-Decreases osmotic pressure of plasma Caused by kidney or liver disease Blocked lymphatic drainage
Pulmonary hypertension Unknown causes: neurogenic condition, opioid overdose, high altitude
Answer:
PULMONARY EDEMA: ETIOLOGY
Question:
18. Which of the following are precipitating factors that can decrease the patient's ability to generate a
negative intrapleural pressure?
1. Supine position
2. Large tidal volume on the mechanical ventilator
3. Malnutrition
4. Obesity
a.2, 4
b.1, 3, 4
c.1, 2, 3
d.2, 3, 4
Answer:
B. A small tidal volume on the mechanical ventilator and all of the other listed options can decrease a
patient's ability to generate a negative intrapleural pressure.
UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Question:
1. As pulmonary edema progressives, the fluid moves in which of the following sequences?
a.Peribronchial interstitial spaces, bronchi, trachea
b.Alveoli, bronchioles, bronchi
c.Bronchioles, bronchi, trachea
d.Pulmonary capillaries, alveoli, bronchioles
Answer:
b. Alveoli, bronchioles, bronchi
Question:
2. Pulmonary edema produces:
a.a restrictive pulmonary disorder.
b.an obstructive pulmonary disorder.
c.both a restrictive and obstructive disorders.
d.obstructive cardiac disease.
Answer:
a. A restrictive pulmonary disorder
Question:
3. The major pathologic or structural changes seen in the lungs with pulmonary edema include:
1. atelectasis.
2. bronchospasm.
3. high surface tension of alveolar fluids.
4. alveolar flooding.
a.1, 4
b.2, 3
c.1, 2, 3
d.1, 3, 4
Answer:
d. 1, 3, 4 (atelectasis, high surface tension of alveolar fluids, alveolar flooding)
Question:
4. All of the following are causes of cardiogenic pulmonary edema EXCEPT: allergic reaction to drugs.
congenital heart defects. mitral valve disease. myocardial infarction.
Answer:
allergic reaction to drugs
,Question:
5. What is the normal hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary capillaries?
a.0 to 5 mm Hg
b.5 to 10 mm Hg
c.10 to 15 mm Hg
d.15 to 20 mm Hg
Answer:
c. 10 to 15mmHg
Question:
6. Which of the following are risk factors for coronary heart disease?
1. Elevated homocysteine level.
2. Elevated vitamin E level.
3. Hypertension.
4. Diabetes mellitus.
a.1
b.2, 3
c.2, 3, 4
d.1, 3, 4
Answer:
d. 1, 3 and 4 (elevated homocysteine level, hypertension, diabetes mellitus)
Question:
7. A patient has a decreased oncotic pressure. What can be done to increase it?
a.Implement a high-salt diet
b.Administer albumin
c.Administer milrinone
d.Administer morphine sulfate
Answer:
b. administer albumin
Question:
8. A patient with pulmonary edema is cyanotic and complaining of difficulty breathing. What should be
recommended by the respiratory therapist?
a.Provide supplemental oxygen.
b.Begin mechanical ventilation.
c.Have the patient use pursed-lip breathing.
d.Begin bronchopulmonary hygiene therapy.
Answer:
a. provide supplemental oxygen
Question:
9. what is the normal hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary capillaries?
a. 5 to 10 mmhg
b. 10 to 15 mmhg
c. 15 to 20 mmhg
d. 20 to 25 mmhg
,Answer:
B. 10 to 15 mmhg
Question:
10. What is the normal oncotic pressure of the blood?
a. 10 to 15 mmhg
b. 15 to 20 mmhg
c. 20 to 25 mmhg
d. 20 to 25 mmhg
Answer:
D. 20 to 25 mmhg
Question:
11. Examples of the types of surgical procedures that often result in atelectasis include:
1. open heart surgery.
2. craniotomy.
3. gallbladder removal.
4. splenectomy.
a. 1
b. 2, 3
c. 2, 3, 4
d. 1, 3, 4
Answer:
D. A craniotomy or other head surgery does not increase the risk for atelectasis. Thoracic surgery (e.g.,
open heart surgery) and upper abdominal surgery (e.g., gallbladder removal or splenectomy) increase the
risk for atelectasis.
Question:
12. The development of immediate postoperative atelectasis is commonly related to which of the
following?
a.Inappropriate tidal volumes settings during surgery
b.The patient's comorbidities
c.Medication reactions and side effects
d.Excessive bronchial secretions
Answer:
D. The development of immediate postoperative atelectasis is almost always related to excessive bronchial
secretions.
Question:
13. Pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure
Answer:
The most common cause of pulmonary edema is increased _____ pressure.
, Question:
14. Which of the following conditions is least likely to lead to atelectasis?
a.chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
b.acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
c.pleural effusion.
d.pneumothorax.
Answer:
A. COPD does not usually lead to atelectasis. All of the other listed conditions are restrictive in nature and
can lead to atelectasis.
Question:
15. Pulmonary edema
Answer:
Increased capillary permeability stemming from infectious, inflammatory, and other processes will result
in the development of ____.
Question:
16. left sided heart failure
Answer:
Most common cause of pulmonary edema
Question:
17. Over-hydration with intravenous fluids Inflammation in lungs Low plasma protein levels
(hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia)
-Decreases osmotic pressure of plasma Caused by kidney or liver disease Blocked lymphatic drainage
Pulmonary hypertension Unknown causes: neurogenic condition, opioid overdose, high altitude
Answer:
PULMONARY EDEMA: ETIOLOGY
Question:
18. Which of the following are precipitating factors that can decrease the patient's ability to generate a
negative intrapleural pressure?
1. Supine position
2. Large tidal volume on the mechanical ventilator
3. Malnutrition
4. Obesity
a.2, 4
b.1, 3, 4
c.1, 2, 3
d.2, 3, 4
Answer:
B. A small tidal volume on the mechanical ventilator and all of the other listed options can decrease a
patient's ability to generate a negative intrapleural pressure.
