PBH 220 MIDTERM UPDATED QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Epidemiology
Answer:
The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states in specified populations, and the
application of this study to control health problems, and to plan and evaluate strategies to prevent illness is
called
Question:
2. a high-quality, cost-effective, research/evidence-based screening tool or technique
Answer:
In order for a screening tool or technique to be effective it must be:
Question:
3. Affordable Care Act (ACA)
Answer:
-requires that preventives services be covered without co-payment or coinsurance by more insurance
plans/policies including Medicare and private insurance
-Introduced Medicare-covered annual wellness programs
-Created the National Prevention Council
Question:
4. Person-dependent factors
Answer:
Age, gender, race/ethnicity, income level, and lifestyle
Question:
5. Environment-dependent factors
Answer:
Conditions of the workplace, home, and community
Question:
6. Cost-benefit ratio
Answer:
Comparison of various outcomes in monetary values (which outcome most beneficial at most reasonable
cost)
Question:
7. Cost-effectiveness
Answer:
Optimal use of resources to reach desired health outcome
, Question:
8. Cost-efficiency
Answer:
Purpose: Efficiency; limited budget to achieve as much desired outcome as possible
Question:
9. Ethical considerations with screenings
Answer:
limitations of results
-not diagnostic controversies
-false positives and negatives
-cutoff points
-borderline cases
Question:
10. Reliability
Answer:
-Reproducibility of test results
-Interobserver vs. intraobserver
Question:
11. Validity
Answer:
-Accuracy of the test (distinguish those with/without disease)
-Sensitivity: Proportion with disease who test positively
-Specificity: Proportion with disease who test negatively
Question:
12. significance
Answer:
the level of priority assigned to the disease or disorder as a public health concern
Question:
13. Determinants of significance
Answer:
Quality of life
-Subjective; difficult to estimate Quantity of life
-Disease-specific mortality rates
-Prevalence rates—existing cases (chronic disease)
-Incidence rates—new cases (acute disease) Cost to treat (e.g., PKU)
Question:
14. Primary objective of screening
Answer:
Detection of a disease in its early stages in order to treat it and deter its progression.
CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Epidemiology
Answer:
The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states in specified populations, and the
application of this study to control health problems, and to plan and evaluate strategies to prevent illness is
called
Question:
2. a high-quality, cost-effective, research/evidence-based screening tool or technique
Answer:
In order for a screening tool or technique to be effective it must be:
Question:
3. Affordable Care Act (ACA)
Answer:
-requires that preventives services be covered without co-payment or coinsurance by more insurance
plans/policies including Medicare and private insurance
-Introduced Medicare-covered annual wellness programs
-Created the National Prevention Council
Question:
4. Person-dependent factors
Answer:
Age, gender, race/ethnicity, income level, and lifestyle
Question:
5. Environment-dependent factors
Answer:
Conditions of the workplace, home, and community
Question:
6. Cost-benefit ratio
Answer:
Comparison of various outcomes in monetary values (which outcome most beneficial at most reasonable
cost)
Question:
7. Cost-effectiveness
Answer:
Optimal use of resources to reach desired health outcome
, Question:
8. Cost-efficiency
Answer:
Purpose: Efficiency; limited budget to achieve as much desired outcome as possible
Question:
9. Ethical considerations with screenings
Answer:
limitations of results
-not diagnostic controversies
-false positives and negatives
-cutoff points
-borderline cases
Question:
10. Reliability
Answer:
-Reproducibility of test results
-Interobserver vs. intraobserver
Question:
11. Validity
Answer:
-Accuracy of the test (distinguish those with/without disease)
-Sensitivity: Proportion with disease who test positively
-Specificity: Proportion with disease who test negatively
Question:
12. significance
Answer:
the level of priority assigned to the disease or disorder as a public health concern
Question:
13. Determinants of significance
Answer:
Quality of life
-Subjective; difficult to estimate Quantity of life
-Disease-specific mortality rates
-Prevalence rates—existing cases (chronic disease)
-Incidence rates—new cases (acute disease) Cost to treat (e.g., PKU)
Question:
14. Primary objective of screening
Answer:
Detection of a disease in its early stages in order to treat it and deter its progression.
