UNDERSTANDING HUMAN DISEASE FINAL EXAM UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

UNDERSTANDING HUMAN DISEASE FINAL EXAM
UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS

Question:
1. phases of a normal cycle
Answer:
1st= follicular phase 2nd=luteal phase (follicle grows)
-these are split by ovulation around day 14 (follicle bursts)

Question:
2. main hormone(s) of follicular phase
Answer:
estrogen (esteadiol)

Question:
3. main hormone(s) of luteal phase
Answer:
estrogen and progesterone both elevated

Question:
4. what happens if no pregnancy occurs?
Answer:
-corpus luteum degrades
-endometrium sheds with blood
-new cycle begins

Question:
5. ovaries
Answer:
-primary reproductive organ
-responsible for gametogenesis (produce ovum)
-responsible for production of estrogen and progesterone

Question:
6. fallopian tubes
Answer:
-where fertilization takes place
-pathway from ovary to uterus

Question:
7. cervix
Answer:
opening of uterus

,Question:
8. uterus
Answer:
houses and protects the developing fetus.

Question:
9. menorrhagia
Answer:
excessive/heavy menstrual bleeding

Question:
10. metorrhagia
Answer:
irregular uterine bleeding between periods

Question:
11. dysmenorrhea
Answer:
painful menstruation

Question:
12. vaginal discharge can be associated with...
Answer:
superficial infections

Question:
13. tests for female issues
Answer:
-menstrual history (regularity, amount, duration)
-pelvic exam (visual and manual inspections)
-pap test (can detect HPV, neoplastic lesions)
-cone biopsy (removal of cone of tissue to biopsy)

Question:
14. infections of the female reproductive tract
Answer:
-STI's *ex) chlyamidia, gonorrhea, syphilis, PHV
-fungus (yeast)

Question:
15. infections of the female reproductive tract can lead to...
Answer:
-vaginitis
-cervicitis
-salpingitis (fallopian tube inflammaiton)
-PID (pelvic inflammatory disease-many items affected)

,Question:
16. cervical polyps
Answer:
*benign tumors on surface of cervical canal (do not become cancer or spread)
-many are asymptomatic, but can lead to irregular menstrual bleeding

Question:
17. cervical polyps treatment
Answer:
removal

Question:
18. cervical dysplasia
Answer:
abnormal growth of cervical squamous epithelium
-can be mild to severe (mild may regress and severe is precancerous)

Question:
19. cervical dysplasia screening
Answer:
pap smear

Question:
20. cervical dysplasia risk factors
Answer:
-HPV infection
-multiple sex partners
-certain HLA genotypes

Question:
21. cervical cancer progression
Answer:
-cervical dysplasia (CIN)
-cervical carcinoma in situ. -in place
-invasive carcinoma of the cervix **takes months to years to progress

Question:
22. cervical cancer progression risk factors
Answer:
-HPV (main RF)
-multiple partners

Question:
23. vaginal cancer types

, Answer:
*vaginal cancer is rare
-squamous cell (more common)
-adenocarcinoma (in exocrine glands)

Question:
24. signs and symptoms of vaginal cancer
Answer:
typically asymptomatic often found in routine gynecolical exam

Question:
25. risk factors for vaginal cancer
Answer:
HPV

Question:
26. uterus anatomy-layers
Answer:
-endometrium (innermost layer that sheds during period)
-myometrium (smooth muscle payers that contracts during labor)

Question:
27. leading cause of irregular uterine bleeding
Answer:
-follicle fails to mature and no corpus luteum is formed
--this means there is no progesterone and no ovulation
--follicle continues to secrete estrogen and act on uterus which causes the uterus to shed and bleed in an
irregular manner (anovulatory bleeding) **called an anovulatory cycle

Question:
28. other causes for irregular uterine bleeding
Answer:
-endometrial and cervical polyps
-uterine leiomyomas
-uterine carcinoma

Question:
29. endometriosis
Answer:
Presence of functioning endometrial tissue outside of the uterus
-ectopic uterine tissue (in the wrong place)
-this tissue still responds to hormone fluctuations

Question:
30. possible causes of endometriosis