SOCY 388 MID-TERM UPDATED QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Peel's Principle
Answer:
The police exist to prevent crime, and their authority comes from public approval
So, cooperation of the public is essential
Use of physical force reduces polices' legitimacy
The Police = the Public
Question:
2. Ordinary Police Functions
Answer:
Apprehension, Information Gathering, Deterrence, Order Maintenance
Question:
3. Ordinary Police Functions: Apprehension
Answer:
Consists of bringing offenders to justice
Question:
4. Ordinary Police Functions: Information Gathering
Answer:
Consists of interviews and physical evidence
Question:
5. Ordinary Police Functions: Deterrence
Answer:
Consists of general deterrence through police presence
Question:
6. Ordinary Police Functions: Order Maintenance
Answer:
Consists of restoring order beyond criminal law
Question:
7. Authority of the Police
Answer:
Ability to investigate, stop and questions, frisk, and take into custody
Ability to issue orders (move on, desist)
Ability to use / threaten force
Question:
8. Private & Hybrid Policing
, Answer:
Consists of non-state policing (property / profit oriented)
E.g., Malls, corporations
They may call upon state police for coercion
Question:
9. Toronto Police Budget
Answer:
$927.8M (2013) vs. $11.16B (2022)
More police does not equate to less crime
There is no consistent link between spending and crime rates
Question:
10. Hot Spot Policing
Answer:
Clustering police in high-crime areas can reduce crime WHILE present
However, displacement is possible
Deterrent fades when officers leave
Question:
11. Gun Violence & Presence: Pittsburgh Study
Answer:
Increased patrols in high-risk areas have led to reduced gun violence
However, this is only effective during deployment
Question:
12. Order Maintenance Policing (OMP) / Broken Windows
Answer:
Theory: Policing disorder (graffiti, loitering, littering) reduces serious crime
However, research has shown that there has been modest declines in serious crimes, but negative
community impacts
Residents often feel less safe as their fear increases with heavy police prescence
Citizens interpret increased policing as evidence of danger
Question:
13. Police Culture
Answer:
Core Characteristics: Bravery, autonomy, secrecy, suspicion, solidarity, conservatism, machismo,
pragmatism
Police culture is attained through socialization (e.g., police college, placement, peer integration) It is not
monolithic - it varies by city, politics, and demographics
External factors shape police culture
Question:
14. Procedural Justice
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. Peel's Principle
Answer:
The police exist to prevent crime, and their authority comes from public approval
So, cooperation of the public is essential
Use of physical force reduces polices' legitimacy
The Police = the Public
Question:
2. Ordinary Police Functions
Answer:
Apprehension, Information Gathering, Deterrence, Order Maintenance
Question:
3. Ordinary Police Functions: Apprehension
Answer:
Consists of bringing offenders to justice
Question:
4. Ordinary Police Functions: Information Gathering
Answer:
Consists of interviews and physical evidence
Question:
5. Ordinary Police Functions: Deterrence
Answer:
Consists of general deterrence through police presence
Question:
6. Ordinary Police Functions: Order Maintenance
Answer:
Consists of restoring order beyond criminal law
Question:
7. Authority of the Police
Answer:
Ability to investigate, stop and questions, frisk, and take into custody
Ability to issue orders (move on, desist)
Ability to use / threaten force
Question:
8. Private & Hybrid Policing
, Answer:
Consists of non-state policing (property / profit oriented)
E.g., Malls, corporations
They may call upon state police for coercion
Question:
9. Toronto Police Budget
Answer:
$927.8M (2013) vs. $11.16B (2022)
More police does not equate to less crime
There is no consistent link between spending and crime rates
Question:
10. Hot Spot Policing
Answer:
Clustering police in high-crime areas can reduce crime WHILE present
However, displacement is possible
Deterrent fades when officers leave
Question:
11. Gun Violence & Presence: Pittsburgh Study
Answer:
Increased patrols in high-risk areas have led to reduced gun violence
However, this is only effective during deployment
Question:
12. Order Maintenance Policing (OMP) / Broken Windows
Answer:
Theory: Policing disorder (graffiti, loitering, littering) reduces serious crime
However, research has shown that there has been modest declines in serious crimes, but negative
community impacts
Residents often feel less safe as their fear increases with heavy police prescence
Citizens interpret increased policing as evidence of danger
Question:
13. Police Culture
Answer:
Core Characteristics: Bravery, autonomy, secrecy, suspicion, solidarity, conservatism, machismo,
pragmatism
Police culture is attained through socialization (e.g., police college, placement, peer integration) It is not
monolithic - it varies by city, politics, and demographics
External factors shape police culture
Question:
14. Procedural Justice
