DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS TEST 1 UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS TEST 1 UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

Question:
1. Diagnostic reasoning
Answer:
A dynamic thinking process leading to the identification of a hypothesis explaining clinical evidence.

Question:
2. Explicit knowledge
Answer:
Described, analyzed, and measured knowledge that can be taught.

Question:
3. Tacit knowledge
Answer:
Possessed without conscious awareness, built from clinical experiences over time.

Question:
4. built from a quantitative and qualitative clinical experiences over time and part of consciousness
Answer:
tacit knowledge

Question:
5. Probabilistic reasoning
Answer:
Based on the association between clinical data triggering potential disease presence.

Question:
6. Types of diagnostic reasoning
Answer:
probabilistic, causal and deterministic

Question:
7. A + B + C = D
Answer:
Probabilistic

Question:
8. Causal reasoning
Answer:
Based on cause-and-effect relationships between clinical data.

Question:
9. Deterministic reasoning

,Answer:
Depends on unambiguous rules and utilizes diagnostic algorithms.

Question:
10. Pattern recognition
Answer:
Simultaneous recall of disease patterns and distinguishing between manifestations.

Question:
11. maxim
Answer:
common things occur commonly

Question:
12. Occam's razor
Answer:
Refers to pattern recognition, recalling disease patterns, and distinguishing between manifestations.

Question:
13. Hickam Dictum
Answer:
Counters Occam's razor, backward reasoning where data is acquired to uphold a generated hypothesis.

Question:
14. Backward reasoning
Answer:
start with (desired) answer, work backwards towards knowns

Question:
15. pragmatic
Answer:
most practical and most responsive to treatment

Question:
16. Bayesian process
Answer:
Utilizes sensitivity and specificity to evaluate hypotheses.

Question:
17. Sensitivity
Answer:
True positive rate, used to rule out diagnosis, probability of + result

Question:
18. High sensitivity

, Answer:
confirms disease presence with few false negatives.

Question:
19. Specificity
Answer:
True negative rate, probability of - result

Question:
20. High specificity
Answer:
confirming absence of disease with few false positives.

Question:
21. Pretest probability
Answer:
Probability of a patient having the target disorder before a diagnostic test result.

Question:
22. Post test probability
Answer:
Determined by Bayes theorem, converting prevalence, sensitivity, and specificity into the probability of
disease presence.

Question:
23. Likelihood ratio
Answer:
Indicates strength of evidence for test ability to identify disease presence or absence. Strong is <0.1 and
>10

Question:
24. Ionizing radiation exposure
Answer:
Concern for X-rays and CT scans, with majority exposure in the US imaging.

Question:
25. Electromagnetic spectrum
Answer:
X-rays and gamma rays at the high-energy end, radio waves at the low-energy end.

Question:
26. American College of Radiology appropriateness criteria
Answer:
Guidelines aiding providers in ordering imaging tests.

Question:
27. Ultrasound