CTE EOP Sports Medicine Exam 1 Review
Questions with Verified Correct Answers
define heat cramps, include signs/symptoms and temp
A involuntary contraction of the calf muscle resulting in pain. May be caused by an electrolyte
imbalance and dehydration
- symptoms: pain
- signs: rigid contractions, loss of voluntary control
what anatomical structures need to be included in a splint when splinting a FRACTURE of a
long bone
joint above and below the injured bone
what measurements are critical in the fitting of crutches
height, crutch pad distance from armpit 1.5-2'' (about 2-3 fingers, crease of the wrist has to be
even with the hand rest, crutches have to be about 6 inches off of the angle of the toe
Describe each component of the RICES principle in the management of acute injuries
Rest--Keep the injured area/part at rest
Ice -- decreases oxygen needs for damaged tissue
Compression -- controls swelling and bleeding
Elevate -- allows swelling and bleeding to be reabsorbed and returned to circulation
Splint --above and below the injury
Describe the use of a pulse oximeter, what is normal range for oxygen saturation
test used to measure the oxygen level (oxygen saturation) of the blood
Oxygen saturation levels. 97-100%
Describe the importance of vital signs
They determine which treatment protocols to follow, provide critical information needed to
make life-saving decisions, and confirm feedback on treatments performed (make sure they are
accurate & documented)
describe the placement and use of an AED
,1st pad will go on the right upper chest just below the collarbone. Press the pad firmly onto the
skin.
2nd pad will go to the left of the left nipple so that the top edge of the pad reaches a few inches
below the armpit
Describe the ratio of chest compressions to breaths
30:2
Describe the 2 processes that can be used to open an airway
head-tilt, chin-lift
Describe the CAB processes used when giving CPR
chest compressions first, then airway and breathing
Describe how to practice responsibility within the ethical framework of the NATA Code of
Ethics
- Non- Discrimination
- duty to the patient is the first concern
- preserve the confidentiality of privileged information
- comply with local, state, federal laws, state athletic training practice acts
- understand and uphold all NATA Standards and Code of Ethics
- refrain from, and report illegal or unethical practices
- cooperate in ethics investigations by the NATA
- refrain from substance and alcohol abuse
- not misrepresent their skills, training, professional credentials, identity, or services
- recognize the need for continuing education
What are the four major tissue types of the body and the purpose/function of each tissue
Muscle
Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Explain the mechanism of muscle contraction
1. Signal comes from brain -- neuron depolarization
2. Acetylcholine is released from the nerve at the neuromuscular junction.
3. acetylcholine stimulates the muscle -- causes depolarization along the muscle
4. sarcoplasmic reticulum releases calcium to the area of the actin and myosin protein fibers.
, 5. Calcium "unblocks" the actin/myosin binding sites -- removes troponin -- requires ATP.
6. Myosin "reaches out" and binds to the actin -- requires ATP
7. Myosin then releases the acting -- Requires ATP
Calcium returns to the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Identify the bones of the axial and appendicular skeleton and their gross landmarks
The axial skeleton is formed by the skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum.
The appendicular skeleton is composed of the arms and legs including scapulae, clavicles and
pelvis bones.
Distinguish among three types of cartilage. name the cartilage and function/location
Hyaline - most common, found in the ribs, nose, larynx, trachea. Is a precursor of bone.
Fibro- is found in intervertebral discs, joint capsules, ligaments.
Elastic - is found in the external ear, epiglottis and larynx.
Differentiate among the various types of joints
A joint is the point where two or more bones meet. There are three main types of joints;
Fibrous(immovable), Cartilaginous (partially moveable) and the Synovial (freely moveable) joint.
describe a fibrous joint, where is it found?
This type of joint is held together by only a ligament. Examples are where the teeth are held to
their bony sockets and at both the radioulnar and tibiofibular joints.
describe a cartilaginous joint, where is it found?
Cartilaginous: These joints occur where the connection between the articulating bones is made
up of cartilage for example between vertebrae in the spine.
describe a synovial joint, where is it found?
Synovial joints are by far the most common classification of joint within the human body. They
are highly moveable and all have a synovial capsule (collagenous structure) surrounding the
entire joint, a synovial membrane (the inner layer of the capsule) which secretes synovial fluid
(a lubricating liquid) and cartilage known as hyaline cartilage which pads the ends of the
articulating bones. An example is ball and socket (hip and shoulder)
what are the three characteristics of muscles
Extensibility
Elasticity
Contractibility
Questions with Verified Correct Answers
define heat cramps, include signs/symptoms and temp
A involuntary contraction of the calf muscle resulting in pain. May be caused by an electrolyte
imbalance and dehydration
- symptoms: pain
- signs: rigid contractions, loss of voluntary control
what anatomical structures need to be included in a splint when splinting a FRACTURE of a
long bone
joint above and below the injured bone
what measurements are critical in the fitting of crutches
height, crutch pad distance from armpit 1.5-2'' (about 2-3 fingers, crease of the wrist has to be
even with the hand rest, crutches have to be about 6 inches off of the angle of the toe
Describe each component of the RICES principle in the management of acute injuries
Rest--Keep the injured area/part at rest
Ice -- decreases oxygen needs for damaged tissue
Compression -- controls swelling and bleeding
Elevate -- allows swelling and bleeding to be reabsorbed and returned to circulation
Splint --above and below the injury
Describe the use of a pulse oximeter, what is normal range for oxygen saturation
test used to measure the oxygen level (oxygen saturation) of the blood
Oxygen saturation levels. 97-100%
Describe the importance of vital signs
They determine which treatment protocols to follow, provide critical information needed to
make life-saving decisions, and confirm feedback on treatments performed (make sure they are
accurate & documented)
describe the placement and use of an AED
,1st pad will go on the right upper chest just below the collarbone. Press the pad firmly onto the
skin.
2nd pad will go to the left of the left nipple so that the top edge of the pad reaches a few inches
below the armpit
Describe the ratio of chest compressions to breaths
30:2
Describe the 2 processes that can be used to open an airway
head-tilt, chin-lift
Describe the CAB processes used when giving CPR
chest compressions first, then airway and breathing
Describe how to practice responsibility within the ethical framework of the NATA Code of
Ethics
- Non- Discrimination
- duty to the patient is the first concern
- preserve the confidentiality of privileged information
- comply with local, state, federal laws, state athletic training practice acts
- understand and uphold all NATA Standards and Code of Ethics
- refrain from, and report illegal or unethical practices
- cooperate in ethics investigations by the NATA
- refrain from substance and alcohol abuse
- not misrepresent their skills, training, professional credentials, identity, or services
- recognize the need for continuing education
What are the four major tissue types of the body and the purpose/function of each tissue
Muscle
Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Explain the mechanism of muscle contraction
1. Signal comes from brain -- neuron depolarization
2. Acetylcholine is released from the nerve at the neuromuscular junction.
3. acetylcholine stimulates the muscle -- causes depolarization along the muscle
4. sarcoplasmic reticulum releases calcium to the area of the actin and myosin protein fibers.
, 5. Calcium "unblocks" the actin/myosin binding sites -- removes troponin -- requires ATP.
6. Myosin "reaches out" and binds to the actin -- requires ATP
7. Myosin then releases the acting -- Requires ATP
Calcium returns to the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Identify the bones of the axial and appendicular skeleton and their gross landmarks
The axial skeleton is formed by the skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum.
The appendicular skeleton is composed of the arms and legs including scapulae, clavicles and
pelvis bones.
Distinguish among three types of cartilage. name the cartilage and function/location
Hyaline - most common, found in the ribs, nose, larynx, trachea. Is a precursor of bone.
Fibro- is found in intervertebral discs, joint capsules, ligaments.
Elastic - is found in the external ear, epiglottis and larynx.
Differentiate among the various types of joints
A joint is the point where two or more bones meet. There are three main types of joints;
Fibrous(immovable), Cartilaginous (partially moveable) and the Synovial (freely moveable) joint.
describe a fibrous joint, where is it found?
This type of joint is held together by only a ligament. Examples are where the teeth are held to
their bony sockets and at both the radioulnar and tibiofibular joints.
describe a cartilaginous joint, where is it found?
Cartilaginous: These joints occur where the connection between the articulating bones is made
up of cartilage for example between vertebrae in the spine.
describe a synovial joint, where is it found?
Synovial joints are by far the most common classification of joint within the human body. They
are highly moveable and all have a synovial capsule (collagenous structure) surrounding the
entire joint, a synovial membrane (the inner layer of the capsule) which secretes synovial fluid
(a lubricating liquid) and cartilage known as hyaline cartilage which pads the ends of the
articulating bones. An example is ball and socket (hip and shoulder)
what are the three characteristics of muscles
Extensibility
Elasticity
Contractibility
