A4M BOARD REVIEW EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Leptin (high serum leptin correlated with increased fat stores/weight gain; also seen in
IR bec brain not responding to leptin signals so keep eating->wt gain) - Correct Answers
-hormone that suppresses appetite, produced in fat cells, epithelium and stomach, acts
on receptors in hypothalamus to tell it "I'm full, stop eating", also stimulates gnRH, LH,
FSH from ant. pituitary
Glucagon - Correct Answers -lipolytic, activates triglyceride lipase in adipose tissue via
cAMP, causes increased blood levels of fatty acids & glycerol
BMR - Correct Answers -amount of daily energy expended while at rest, only enough
energy is produced for vital organ functioning, as it increases, the # of mitochondria in
the body increases as well
Resveratrol - Correct Answers -binds to and stimulates Sir2 sirtuin enzyme mimicking
the effect of caloric restriction on longevity; it modulates insulin-mediated glucose
uptake in muscles, it inhibits gene expression profiles associated with skeletal and
cardiac mm aging
CRP - Correct Answers -what inflammatory marker is inversely correlated to bone
mineral density
True - Correct Answers -T or F: in both men and women, GH reduces cortical
osteocalcin; thus it increases trabecular and cortical bone content
DHEA - Correct Answers -This hormone affects immune function by increasing
monocytes, increasing IGF1, incr B cells, incr T cell mitogenic response, incr cells
expression of IL2 & IL3, thus fuctionally activating T lymphocytes; most abundant
hormone in the body; inhibits breast cancer progression, prevents blood clots,
decreases bone loss, increases memory, increases lean body mass; produced by
cholesterol
Cortisol - Correct Answers -only hormone that increases with age, involved in stress
response, increases BP, BGlucose, suppresses immune function
somatostatin - Correct Answers -inhibits release of GH and TSH, decreases gastric
emptying, inhibits GI hormones
IGF1 - Correct Answers -active mediator of FH
, potassium - Correct Answers -this mineral decreases BP, prevents MI, lowers risk of
stroke, may help prevent DM 2 if taken with thiazide diuretic which causes its deficiency
calcium - Correct Answers -this mineral important for strong bones and teeth, regulates
mm contraction and relaxation, maintains acid/alkaline pH of body
magnesium - Correct Answers -acts as mild Ca-antagonist on vascular smooth muscle
false (not smoking or exercise) - Correct Answers -True or False: Triglyceridemia
commonly caused by diabetes, insulin resistance, smoking, obesity, exercise
false - Correct Answers -True or false: Protein intake raises BP
Omega 9 - Correct Answers -neutral inflammatory, are MUFA that improve NO and
decrease ROS; lowers LDL but does NOT raise HDL
PUFA - Correct Answers -PUFA or MUFA lower LDl and raise HDL?
Omega 3 - Correct Answers -anti-iflammatory, increases NO and improves insulin
sensitivity, lowers BP, increases glucose uptake, increases glycogen storage,
decreases plasma NE, directs fatty acids away from storage and to oxidation
Omega 6 - Correct Answers -are inflammatory because it increases arachadonic acid,
does not decreases BP, but can prevent increase in BP induced by saturated fats
gingko - Correct Answers -nutrient supplement that inhibits platelet aggregation,
increases brain circulation; has anti-oxidant and cognitive benefits; improves CV
function and decreases lipoprotein(a); prevents EPC senescence by increasing
telomerase activity
PABA - Correct Answers -increases intestinal bacteria to make pantothenic acid B5,
which produces coenzyme involved in production of blood cells and protein metabolism
b6 pyridoxine - Correct Answers -this vitamin metabolizes proteins, fats, carbs, is
needed to make hemoglobin, formation of epinephrine and insulin
vitamin c - Correct Answers -this vitamin aids in wound healing, formation &
maintenance of collagen, is an anti-oxidant; massive doses then abruptly stopped can
cause rebound scurvy
chromium - Correct Answers -what nutrient inhibits glycation (wh is abnl protein
metabolism where sugar binds to lipids/protein that increases permeability of arteries
and makes it susceptible to atherosclerosis and cancer). inhibits AGEs (advanced
glycation endproducts)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Leptin (high serum leptin correlated with increased fat stores/weight gain; also seen in
IR bec brain not responding to leptin signals so keep eating->wt gain) - Correct Answers
-hormone that suppresses appetite, produced in fat cells, epithelium and stomach, acts
on receptors in hypothalamus to tell it "I'm full, stop eating", also stimulates gnRH, LH,
FSH from ant. pituitary
Glucagon - Correct Answers -lipolytic, activates triglyceride lipase in adipose tissue via
cAMP, causes increased blood levels of fatty acids & glycerol
BMR - Correct Answers -amount of daily energy expended while at rest, only enough
energy is produced for vital organ functioning, as it increases, the # of mitochondria in
the body increases as well
Resveratrol - Correct Answers -binds to and stimulates Sir2 sirtuin enzyme mimicking
the effect of caloric restriction on longevity; it modulates insulin-mediated glucose
uptake in muscles, it inhibits gene expression profiles associated with skeletal and
cardiac mm aging
CRP - Correct Answers -what inflammatory marker is inversely correlated to bone
mineral density
True - Correct Answers -T or F: in both men and women, GH reduces cortical
osteocalcin; thus it increases trabecular and cortical bone content
DHEA - Correct Answers -This hormone affects immune function by increasing
monocytes, increasing IGF1, incr B cells, incr T cell mitogenic response, incr cells
expression of IL2 & IL3, thus fuctionally activating T lymphocytes; most abundant
hormone in the body; inhibits breast cancer progression, prevents blood clots,
decreases bone loss, increases memory, increases lean body mass; produced by
cholesterol
Cortisol - Correct Answers -only hormone that increases with age, involved in stress
response, increases BP, BGlucose, suppresses immune function
somatostatin - Correct Answers -inhibits release of GH and TSH, decreases gastric
emptying, inhibits GI hormones
IGF1 - Correct Answers -active mediator of FH
, potassium - Correct Answers -this mineral decreases BP, prevents MI, lowers risk of
stroke, may help prevent DM 2 if taken with thiazide diuretic which causes its deficiency
calcium - Correct Answers -this mineral important for strong bones and teeth, regulates
mm contraction and relaxation, maintains acid/alkaline pH of body
magnesium - Correct Answers -acts as mild Ca-antagonist on vascular smooth muscle
false (not smoking or exercise) - Correct Answers -True or False: Triglyceridemia
commonly caused by diabetes, insulin resistance, smoking, obesity, exercise
false - Correct Answers -True or false: Protein intake raises BP
Omega 9 - Correct Answers -neutral inflammatory, are MUFA that improve NO and
decrease ROS; lowers LDL but does NOT raise HDL
PUFA - Correct Answers -PUFA or MUFA lower LDl and raise HDL?
Omega 3 - Correct Answers -anti-iflammatory, increases NO and improves insulin
sensitivity, lowers BP, increases glucose uptake, increases glycogen storage,
decreases plasma NE, directs fatty acids away from storage and to oxidation
Omega 6 - Correct Answers -are inflammatory because it increases arachadonic acid,
does not decreases BP, but can prevent increase in BP induced by saturated fats
gingko - Correct Answers -nutrient supplement that inhibits platelet aggregation,
increases brain circulation; has anti-oxidant and cognitive benefits; improves CV
function and decreases lipoprotein(a); prevents EPC senescence by increasing
telomerase activity
PABA - Correct Answers -increases intestinal bacteria to make pantothenic acid B5,
which produces coenzyme involved in production of blood cells and protein metabolism
b6 pyridoxine - Correct Answers -this vitamin metabolizes proteins, fats, carbs, is
needed to make hemoglobin, formation of epinephrine and insulin
vitamin c - Correct Answers -this vitamin aids in wound healing, formation &
maintenance of collagen, is an anti-oxidant; massive doses then abruptly stopped can
cause rebound scurvy
chromium - Correct Answers -what nutrient inhibits glycation (wh is abnl protein
metabolism where sugar binds to lipids/protein that increases permeability of arteries
and makes it susceptible to atherosclerosis and cancer). inhibits AGEs (advanced
glycation endproducts)
