WGU D236 OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENTS, PRE- ASSESSMENTS & FINAL
EXAMS– PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (LATEST 2026/ 2027 UPDATES STUDY
BUNDLE PACKAGE WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS) 100% VERIFIED
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | GRADE A
1. Risk factors for bladder cancer - ANSWERS-Smoking**, occupational exposure to dyes
(benzenes, aromatic amines), Hx of gross hematuria, >40 y/o, hx of urologic disorder, Hx
of irritative voiding symptoms, Hx of UTI, analgesic abuse, history of pelvic irradiation
2. GFR (glomerular filtration rate) - ANSWERS-used to stage chronic renal disease
3. Common characteristics of endocrine system disorders - ANSWERS-dark skin spots, low
BP, fatigue, n/v/d
4. Common treatments for prostate and testicular cancers - ANSWERS-orchiectomy or
radiation
5. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - ANSWERS-inflammation and infection of organs in
the pelvic region; symptoms: pain in pelvis, abd, vagina, during sex, during urination,
cramps, vaginal dischrge/odor
6. Thyroid cancer - ANSWERS-Papillary carcinoma, lump in neck - dysphagia, voice
changes
7. Graves disease - ANSWERS-an autoimmune disorder that is caused by hyperthyroidism
and is characterized by goiter and/or exophthalmos. Other symptoms/signs: tachycardia,
thick patch of skin on legs, protruding eyes, weight-loss, insomnia
8. Hypothyroidism - ANSWERS-A disorder caused by a thyroid gland that is slower and less
productive than normal -T3 and T4 are low, but TSH high. Chronic fatigue, brittle nails,
constipation
9. Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - ANSWERS-a complication of diabetes that is caused by
having too little insulin; also called hyperglycemia. Can cause cerebral edema; lipolysis
with ketone formation is a hallmark.
10. Causes of diabetes - ANSWERS-type 1: beta cells in pancreas are destroyed
(autoimmune)
Type 2: overweight, body becomes insulin resistant
Gestational: hormones during pregnancy cause glucose levels to rise
11. Diabetes insipidus (DI) - ANSWERS-antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is not secreted, or there
is a resistance of the kidney to ADH
12. Acromegaly - ANSWERS-abnormal enlargement of the extremities caused by
hypersecretion of growth hormone by pituitary gland
, 13. Cushing's disease - ANSWERS-(Remember: *UP, UP, UP, DOWN, UP*)
- hypernatremia, hypertension, INCREASED blood volume, hypokalemia,
hyperglycemia
14. Gonorrhea - ANSWERS-A sexually transmitted bacterial disease caused by a gonococcus
bacterium that causes inflammation of the genital mucous membrane, PID, burning pain
when urinating, and a discharge
15. Polycystic ovary syndrome - ANSWERS-a condition caused by a hormonal imbalance in
which the ovaries are enlarged by the presence of many cysts formed by incompletely
developed follicles; elevated levels of androgens; s/s: infertility, irregular periods,
hirsutism, insulin restistance
16. Which stis can be passed via birth canal - ANSWERS-gonorrhea, chlamydia
17. Endometriosis - ANSWERS-a condition in which patches of endometrial tissue escape
the uterus and become attached to other structures in the pelvic cavity
18. Triple negative breast cancer - ANSWERS-patients lack estrogen and progesterone
receptors, do not respond to hormone therapy (only chemo)
19. Antiandrogen therapy - ANSWERS-(Spironolactone or flutamide) causes lack of
testosterone > erectyle dysfunction or decreased bone density or hotflashes
20. Cullen's sign - ANSWERS-ecchymosis in umbilical area, seen with pancreatitis
21. Anemia can cause - ANSWERS-pelvic pain, menorrhagia, constipation, uterine
leiomyomas
22. Epididymitis - ANSWERS-inflammation of the epididymis that is frequently caused by the
spread of infection from the urethra or the bladder or by chlamadia
23. Chlamydia - ANSWERS-A bacterial infection that affects the reproductive organs of both
males and females; male symptoms include penile discharge, uncomfortable walking
24. Cryotherapy - ANSWERS-using cold for therapeutic purposes, used for prostate therapy
25. Explain Starling's Law of Capillary Forces and how it causes edema. - ANSWERS-
Starling's hypothesis states that the fluid movement due to filtration across the wall of a
capillary is dependent on the balance between the hydrostatic pressure gradient and the
pressure gradient across the capillary. This causes edema by the retention of water in the
tissues instead of vascular system.
26. Why is it important to maintain a homeostatic balance of glucose in the blood? -
ANSWERS-glucose is used for energy and is not synthesized by the brain, so it is needed
to maintain brain/motor functions
EXAMS– PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (LATEST 2026/ 2027 UPDATES STUDY
BUNDLE PACKAGE WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS) 100% VERIFIED
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS | GRADE A
1. Risk factors for bladder cancer - ANSWERS-Smoking**, occupational exposure to dyes
(benzenes, aromatic amines), Hx of gross hematuria, >40 y/o, hx of urologic disorder, Hx
of irritative voiding symptoms, Hx of UTI, analgesic abuse, history of pelvic irradiation
2. GFR (glomerular filtration rate) - ANSWERS-used to stage chronic renal disease
3. Common characteristics of endocrine system disorders - ANSWERS-dark skin spots, low
BP, fatigue, n/v/d
4. Common treatments for prostate and testicular cancers - ANSWERS-orchiectomy or
radiation
5. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) - ANSWERS-inflammation and infection of organs in
the pelvic region; symptoms: pain in pelvis, abd, vagina, during sex, during urination,
cramps, vaginal dischrge/odor
6. Thyroid cancer - ANSWERS-Papillary carcinoma, lump in neck - dysphagia, voice
changes
7. Graves disease - ANSWERS-an autoimmune disorder that is caused by hyperthyroidism
and is characterized by goiter and/or exophthalmos. Other symptoms/signs: tachycardia,
thick patch of skin on legs, protruding eyes, weight-loss, insomnia
8. Hypothyroidism - ANSWERS-A disorder caused by a thyroid gland that is slower and less
productive than normal -T3 and T4 are low, but TSH high. Chronic fatigue, brittle nails,
constipation
9. Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - ANSWERS-a complication of diabetes that is caused by
having too little insulin; also called hyperglycemia. Can cause cerebral edema; lipolysis
with ketone formation is a hallmark.
10. Causes of diabetes - ANSWERS-type 1: beta cells in pancreas are destroyed
(autoimmune)
Type 2: overweight, body becomes insulin resistant
Gestational: hormones during pregnancy cause glucose levels to rise
11. Diabetes insipidus (DI) - ANSWERS-antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is not secreted, or there
is a resistance of the kidney to ADH
12. Acromegaly - ANSWERS-abnormal enlargement of the extremities caused by
hypersecretion of growth hormone by pituitary gland
, 13. Cushing's disease - ANSWERS-(Remember: *UP, UP, UP, DOWN, UP*)
- hypernatremia, hypertension, INCREASED blood volume, hypokalemia,
hyperglycemia
14. Gonorrhea - ANSWERS-A sexually transmitted bacterial disease caused by a gonococcus
bacterium that causes inflammation of the genital mucous membrane, PID, burning pain
when urinating, and a discharge
15. Polycystic ovary syndrome - ANSWERS-a condition caused by a hormonal imbalance in
which the ovaries are enlarged by the presence of many cysts formed by incompletely
developed follicles; elevated levels of androgens; s/s: infertility, irregular periods,
hirsutism, insulin restistance
16. Which stis can be passed via birth canal - ANSWERS-gonorrhea, chlamydia
17. Endometriosis - ANSWERS-a condition in which patches of endometrial tissue escape
the uterus and become attached to other structures in the pelvic cavity
18. Triple negative breast cancer - ANSWERS-patients lack estrogen and progesterone
receptors, do not respond to hormone therapy (only chemo)
19. Antiandrogen therapy - ANSWERS-(Spironolactone or flutamide) causes lack of
testosterone > erectyle dysfunction or decreased bone density or hotflashes
20. Cullen's sign - ANSWERS-ecchymosis in umbilical area, seen with pancreatitis
21. Anemia can cause - ANSWERS-pelvic pain, menorrhagia, constipation, uterine
leiomyomas
22. Epididymitis - ANSWERS-inflammation of the epididymis that is frequently caused by the
spread of infection from the urethra or the bladder or by chlamadia
23. Chlamydia - ANSWERS-A bacterial infection that affects the reproductive organs of both
males and females; male symptoms include penile discharge, uncomfortable walking
24. Cryotherapy - ANSWERS-using cold for therapeutic purposes, used for prostate therapy
25. Explain Starling's Law of Capillary Forces and how it causes edema. - ANSWERS-
Starling's hypothesis states that the fluid movement due to filtration across the wall of a
capillary is dependent on the balance between the hydrostatic pressure gradient and the
pressure gradient across the capillary. This causes edema by the retention of water in the
tissues instead of vascular system.
26. Why is it important to maintain a homeostatic balance of glucose in the blood? -
ANSWERS-glucose is used for energy and is not synthesized by the brain, so it is needed
to maintain brain/motor functions
