COMSAE LEVEL 2 111 KEY CONCEPTS AND
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
◉ What are the 3 aspects related to developmental change?
Answer: Physical Growth
Differentiation
Maturation
◉ Developmental level
Answer: an individual's stage of development
(e.g., stage of epiphyseal closure in long bone development, Tanner
stage of pubertal development, and stage of cognitive development)
or ability to independently achieve an outcome (e.g., perspective
taking and abstract reasoning).
◉ Developmental milestone
Answer: is an ability or specific skill that most individuals can
accomplish in a certain age range.
◉ Developmentally delayed
Answer: an essential element of neurologic and/or cognitive
maturation has not occurred within an age range and should be
investigated.
,◉ Developmental regression
Answer: The loss of developmental milestones
◉ Developmental arrest
Answer: the plateau of developmental change in some category and
is noted when chronologic age continues to progress but
developmental change does not.
◉ categories of development
Answer: - physical
-motoric
- social/emotional
- cognitive
- communication
- adaptive
◉ What is more important than the chronological age at which
developments are made?
Answer: The order of skill development is more important than the
chronological age at which each skill is manifested.
◉ Freud's Theory of Psychosexual Development
,Answer: The term psychosexual, as used by Freud, refers to any
sensual pleasure. Freud believed that at different ages, particular
areas of the body provide the chief source of sensual pleasure and
that experiences with these pleasure centers significantly impact the
development of personality. He outlined five stages of development:
oral (birth to 1 year), anal (1 to 3 years), phallic (3 to 6 years),
latency (6 to 12 years), and genital (puberty to adulthood).
◉ Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development
Answer: Erikson identified eight stages of psychosocial development
thought to occur between birth and death. These stages were
identified by the conflict confronting the individual and included:
trust versus mistrust (birth to 1 year),
autonomy versus shame and doubt (1 to 3 years), initiative versus
guilt (3 to 6 years),
industry versus inferiority (6 to 11 years),
identity versus role confusion (11 to 18 years),
intimacy versus isolation (18 to 25 years),
generativity versus self-absorption and stagnation (25 to 65 years),
and integrity versus despair (65 years to death).
◉ Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
Answer: In this theory, cognitive development is viewed as
progressing from illogical to logical, from concrete to abstract, and
from simple to complex.
, ◉ Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
Answer: According to Kohlberg, when a conflict in universal values
occurs, a moral choice must be made. This choice is based on moral
reasoning, which is postulated to develop progressively over three
levels: pre-conventional (18 months to 5 years), conventional (6 to
12 years), and post-conventional (12 to 19 years).
◉ Which population has the highest risk for developmental issues?
Answer: Pediatric population
◉ Development risk categories: prenatal risk
Answer: Absence of or inadequate prenatal care
Genetic conditions
Congenital infections and disorders
Prenatal exposure to environmental toxins
Exposure to illicit drugs and/or alcohol, or cigarette smoking
◉ Development risk categories: birth risk
Answer: Premature birth
Low birth weight
Birth trauma
Maternal infection
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
◉ What are the 3 aspects related to developmental change?
Answer: Physical Growth
Differentiation
Maturation
◉ Developmental level
Answer: an individual's stage of development
(e.g., stage of epiphyseal closure in long bone development, Tanner
stage of pubertal development, and stage of cognitive development)
or ability to independently achieve an outcome (e.g., perspective
taking and abstract reasoning).
◉ Developmental milestone
Answer: is an ability or specific skill that most individuals can
accomplish in a certain age range.
◉ Developmentally delayed
Answer: an essential element of neurologic and/or cognitive
maturation has not occurred within an age range and should be
investigated.
,◉ Developmental regression
Answer: The loss of developmental milestones
◉ Developmental arrest
Answer: the plateau of developmental change in some category and
is noted when chronologic age continues to progress but
developmental change does not.
◉ categories of development
Answer: - physical
-motoric
- social/emotional
- cognitive
- communication
- adaptive
◉ What is more important than the chronological age at which
developments are made?
Answer: The order of skill development is more important than the
chronological age at which each skill is manifested.
◉ Freud's Theory of Psychosexual Development
,Answer: The term psychosexual, as used by Freud, refers to any
sensual pleasure. Freud believed that at different ages, particular
areas of the body provide the chief source of sensual pleasure and
that experiences with these pleasure centers significantly impact the
development of personality. He outlined five stages of development:
oral (birth to 1 year), anal (1 to 3 years), phallic (3 to 6 years),
latency (6 to 12 years), and genital (puberty to adulthood).
◉ Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development
Answer: Erikson identified eight stages of psychosocial development
thought to occur between birth and death. These stages were
identified by the conflict confronting the individual and included:
trust versus mistrust (birth to 1 year),
autonomy versus shame and doubt (1 to 3 years), initiative versus
guilt (3 to 6 years),
industry versus inferiority (6 to 11 years),
identity versus role confusion (11 to 18 years),
intimacy versus isolation (18 to 25 years),
generativity versus self-absorption and stagnation (25 to 65 years),
and integrity versus despair (65 years to death).
◉ Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
Answer: In this theory, cognitive development is viewed as
progressing from illogical to logical, from concrete to abstract, and
from simple to complex.
, ◉ Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
Answer: According to Kohlberg, when a conflict in universal values
occurs, a moral choice must be made. This choice is based on moral
reasoning, which is postulated to develop progressively over three
levels: pre-conventional (18 months to 5 years), conventional (6 to
12 years), and post-conventional (12 to 19 years).
◉ Which population has the highest risk for developmental issues?
Answer: Pediatric population
◉ Development risk categories: prenatal risk
Answer: Absence of or inadequate prenatal care
Genetic conditions
Congenital infections and disorders
Prenatal exposure to environmental toxins
Exposure to illicit drugs and/or alcohol, or cigarette smoking
◉ Development risk categories: birth risk
Answer: Premature birth
Low birth weight
Birth trauma
Maternal infection
