NSG 5442 Pediatric Primary Care Exam 3
(PDF) | 2026/2027 | South College Pediatrics
1. At what age does a typically developing infant first achieve social smile?
A) 2 weeks
B) 6-8 weeks
C) 3 months
D) 4 months
Answer: B
Rationale: Social smile appears at 6-8 weeks, a key early milestone.
2. The recommended age for the first dose of the MMR vaccine is:
A) 6 months
B) 12-15 months
C) 4 years
D) At birth
Answer: B
Rationale: MMR is given at 12-15 months with a booster at 4-6 years.
3. A 2-month-old infant should receive which of the following vaccines?
A) MMR
,B) DTaP, IPV, Hib, PCV, RV
C) Varicella
D) Hepatitis A
Answer: B
Rationale: At 2 months, infants receive DTaP, IPV, Hib, PCV, and RV.
4. Which finding is most concerning in a 6-month-old with fever?
A) Temperature 38.5°C (101.3°F)
B) Lethargy and poor feeding
C) Mild rhinorrhea
D) Occasional cough
Answer: B
Rationale: Lethargy and poor feeding in an infant with fever suggest serious
bacterial illness.
5. A 3-year-old presents with barky cough, stridor, and hoarseness. The most
likely diagnosis is:
A) Epiglottitis
B) Croup
C) Bronchiolitis
D) Asthma
Answer: B
Rationale: Croup causes barky cough, stridor, and hoarseness; often viral.
,6. First-line treatment for mild croup is:
A) Antibiotics
B) Dexamethasone
C) Albuterol
D) Racemic epinephrine
Answer: B
Rationale: A single dose of dexamethasone reduces airway edema in croup.
7. A 4-year-old with fever, sore throat, and tonsillar exudate has a positive
rapid strep test. Treatment of choice is:
A) Amoxicillin
B) Penicillin
C) Azithromycin
D) Cephalexin
Answer: B
Rationale: Penicillin or amoxicillin is first-line for group A streptococcal
pharyngitis.
8. Which of the following is a contraindication to live vaccines?
A) Mild URI
B) Severe immunodeficiency
, C) Breastfeeding
D) Low-grade fever
Answer: B
Rationale: Live vaccines are contraindicated in severe immunodeficiency.
9. A 9-month-old is not yet sitting without support. This finding is:
A) Normal
B) Delayed and requires evaluation
C) Expected for age
D) Only concerning if not crawling
Answer: B
Rationale: Sitting without support is expected by 9 months; delay warrants
evaluation.
10. The most common cause of acute otitis media is:
A) Staphylococcus aureus
B) Streptococcus pneumoniae
C) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
D) Moraxella catarrhalis
Answer: B
Rationale: S. pneumoniae is the most common bacterial cause of AOM.
(PDF) | 2026/2027 | South College Pediatrics
1. At what age does a typically developing infant first achieve social smile?
A) 2 weeks
B) 6-8 weeks
C) 3 months
D) 4 months
Answer: B
Rationale: Social smile appears at 6-8 weeks, a key early milestone.
2. The recommended age for the first dose of the MMR vaccine is:
A) 6 months
B) 12-15 months
C) 4 years
D) At birth
Answer: B
Rationale: MMR is given at 12-15 months with a booster at 4-6 years.
3. A 2-month-old infant should receive which of the following vaccines?
A) MMR
,B) DTaP, IPV, Hib, PCV, RV
C) Varicella
D) Hepatitis A
Answer: B
Rationale: At 2 months, infants receive DTaP, IPV, Hib, PCV, and RV.
4. Which finding is most concerning in a 6-month-old with fever?
A) Temperature 38.5°C (101.3°F)
B) Lethargy and poor feeding
C) Mild rhinorrhea
D) Occasional cough
Answer: B
Rationale: Lethargy and poor feeding in an infant with fever suggest serious
bacterial illness.
5. A 3-year-old presents with barky cough, stridor, and hoarseness. The most
likely diagnosis is:
A) Epiglottitis
B) Croup
C) Bronchiolitis
D) Asthma
Answer: B
Rationale: Croup causes barky cough, stridor, and hoarseness; often viral.
,6. First-line treatment for mild croup is:
A) Antibiotics
B) Dexamethasone
C) Albuterol
D) Racemic epinephrine
Answer: B
Rationale: A single dose of dexamethasone reduces airway edema in croup.
7. A 4-year-old with fever, sore throat, and tonsillar exudate has a positive
rapid strep test. Treatment of choice is:
A) Amoxicillin
B) Penicillin
C) Azithromycin
D) Cephalexin
Answer: B
Rationale: Penicillin or amoxicillin is first-line for group A streptococcal
pharyngitis.
8. Which of the following is a contraindication to live vaccines?
A) Mild URI
B) Severe immunodeficiency
, C) Breastfeeding
D) Low-grade fever
Answer: B
Rationale: Live vaccines are contraindicated in severe immunodeficiency.
9. A 9-month-old is not yet sitting without support. This finding is:
A) Normal
B) Delayed and requires evaluation
C) Expected for age
D) Only concerning if not crawling
Answer: B
Rationale: Sitting without support is expected by 9 months; delay warrants
evaluation.
10. The most common cause of acute otitis media is:
A) Staphylococcus aureus
B) Streptococcus pneumoniae
C) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
D) Moraxella catarrhalis
Answer: B
Rationale: S. pneumoniae is the most common bacterial cause of AOM.
