Nursing Pathophysiology Exam 1 Study Guide
2026/2027 Update | Complete Review | Graded A+
300 QUESTIONS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
# TOPIC
1 Cellular Adaptation, Injury, and Death
2 Inflammation and Wound Healing
3 Immunity and Hypersensitivity
4 Infection and Infectious Disease
5 Genetics and Genetic Disorders
6 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances
7 Neoplasia
8 Cardiovascular Pathophysiology
9 Respiratory Pathophysiology
10 Renal and Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology
11 Endocrine Pathophysiology
12 Neurological and Musculoskeletal Pathophysiology
13 Hematologic Pathophysiology
Page 1
,Q1
A cell that increases in size in response to stress is undergoing:
A) Atrophy
B) Hypertrophy CORRECT
C) Hyperplasia
D) Metaplasia
Rationale
Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size, often in muscle or cardiac tissue.
Q2
A client with a chronically enlarged prostate has an increase in cell number. This is:
A) Hypertrophy
B) Hyperplasia CORRECT
C) Atrophy
D) Dysplasia
Rationale
Hyperplasia is an increase in cell number in response to hormonal stimulation.
Q3
Shrinkage of an organ due to decreased workload is called:
A) Hypertrophy
B) Hyperplasia
C) Atrophy CORRECT
D) Metaplasia
Page 2
,Rationale
Atrophy is a decrease in cell size due to reduced demand or disuse.
Q4
Replacement of one mature cell type with another mature cell type is:
A) Dysplasia
B) Anaplasia
C) Metaplasia CORRECT
D) Hyperplasia
Rationale
Metaplasia is a reversible change from one mature cell type to another, often due to irritation.
Q5
Disordered, non-neoplastic cell growth with loss of uniformity is:
A) Metaplasia
B) Dysplasia CORRECT
C) Anaplasia
D) Hyperplasia
Rationale
Dysplasia is disordered growth that may be a precursor to malignancy.
Q6
Which is the most common cause of cellular injury?
A) Hypoxia CORRECT
B) Infection
Page 3
, C) Trauma
D) Radiation
Rationale
Hypoxia (oxygen deprivation) is the most common and reversible cause of cell injury.
Q7
Reperfusion injury occurs when:
A) Blood flow is restored to ischemic tissue
B) Blood flow is restored to ischemic tissue CORRECT
C) Tissue remains ischemic
D) Cells undergo apoptosis
Rationale
Reperfusion can cause additional damage from free radicals and calcium overload.
Q8
Which type of necrosis is typical in myocardial infarction?
A) Liquefactive
B) Coagulative CORRECT
C) Caseous
D) Fat
Rationale
Coagulative necrosis preserves tissue architecture, common in heart and kidney infarcts.
Page 4
2026/2027 Update | Complete Review | Graded A+
300 QUESTIONS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
# TOPIC
1 Cellular Adaptation, Injury, and Death
2 Inflammation and Wound Healing
3 Immunity and Hypersensitivity
4 Infection and Infectious Disease
5 Genetics and Genetic Disorders
6 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances
7 Neoplasia
8 Cardiovascular Pathophysiology
9 Respiratory Pathophysiology
10 Renal and Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology
11 Endocrine Pathophysiology
12 Neurological and Musculoskeletal Pathophysiology
13 Hematologic Pathophysiology
Page 1
,Q1
A cell that increases in size in response to stress is undergoing:
A) Atrophy
B) Hypertrophy CORRECT
C) Hyperplasia
D) Metaplasia
Rationale
Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size, often in muscle or cardiac tissue.
Q2
A client with a chronically enlarged prostate has an increase in cell number. This is:
A) Hypertrophy
B) Hyperplasia CORRECT
C) Atrophy
D) Dysplasia
Rationale
Hyperplasia is an increase in cell number in response to hormonal stimulation.
Q3
Shrinkage of an organ due to decreased workload is called:
A) Hypertrophy
B) Hyperplasia
C) Atrophy CORRECT
D) Metaplasia
Page 2
,Rationale
Atrophy is a decrease in cell size due to reduced demand or disuse.
Q4
Replacement of one mature cell type with another mature cell type is:
A) Dysplasia
B) Anaplasia
C) Metaplasia CORRECT
D) Hyperplasia
Rationale
Metaplasia is a reversible change from one mature cell type to another, often due to irritation.
Q5
Disordered, non-neoplastic cell growth with loss of uniformity is:
A) Metaplasia
B) Dysplasia CORRECT
C) Anaplasia
D) Hyperplasia
Rationale
Dysplasia is disordered growth that may be a precursor to malignancy.
Q6
Which is the most common cause of cellular injury?
A) Hypoxia CORRECT
B) Infection
Page 3
, C) Trauma
D) Radiation
Rationale
Hypoxia (oxygen deprivation) is the most common and reversible cause of cell injury.
Q7
Reperfusion injury occurs when:
A) Blood flow is restored to ischemic tissue
B) Blood flow is restored to ischemic tissue CORRECT
C) Tissue remains ischemic
D) Cells undergo apoptosis
Rationale
Reperfusion can cause additional damage from free radicals and calcium overload.
Q8
Which type of necrosis is typical in myocardial infarction?
A) Liquefactive
B) Coagulative CORRECT
C) Caseous
D) Fat
Rationale
Coagulative necrosis preserves tissue architecture, common in heart and kidney infarcts.
Page 4
