Exam #1 - Essentials of Anatomy and
Physiology
Anatomy - ANSWER...-The study of body structure
- What made of, location and understanding of the function
Ana = ?, Time = ? and anatomizing = ? - ANSWER...-part, to cut, dissecting
Physiology - ANSWER...-The study of body function of anatomical structures
Specialties of Anatomy (2) - ANSWER...-gross and microscopic
The basic functions/properties of life (7) - ANSWER...-1. organization
2. Energy processing
3. Growth and differentiation
4. Responsiveness
5. Movement
6. Reproduction
7. Adaptation
Four major elements that constitute 96% of cell structure: - ANSWER...-1. Hydrogen
(65%)
2. Oxygen (18.5%)
3. Hydrogen (9.5%)
4. Nitrogen (3.3%)
Levels of organization (5) - ANSWER...-1. Chemical/molecular level
2. Cellular level
3. Tissue level
4. Organ level
5. Organ system
Chemical/molecular level - ANSWER...-atoms combine to molecules
Cellular level - ANSWER...-smallest living units in organisms
Tissue level - ANSWER...-groups similar cells that perform a function
Organ level - ANSWER...-Different types of tissues that perform a common level
Organ system - ANSWER...-consists of different organs that work closely together
,11 organ systems - ANSWER...-1. integumentary
2. skeletal
3. muscular
4. nervous
5. endocrine
6. cardiovascular
7. lymphatic
8. respiratory
9. digestive
10. urinary
11. reproductive (male and female)
integumentary system - ANSWER...-- Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair,
and nail
- protects against environmental hazards, sensory information and regulate body temp
skeletal system - ANSWER...-- Bones, bone marrow, associated ligaments
- Provides protection and support for other tissues, stores calcium, forms blood cells
muscular system - ANSWER...-- Consists of skeletal muscles, tendons, and ligaments
- provides movement, connects muscles to bones, attach bones together to form joints,
provides protection and support
nervous system - ANSWER...-- brain, spinal cord, nerves
- detects the immediate response to stimuli, coordinates activities of other organ system
and provides/interprets sensory info about external conditions
Endocrine system - ANSWER...-- thyroid gland, pancreas, gonads
- directs long term change in activities of other organ systems, adjust metabolic activity
and every used by body and controls many structural and functional changes during
development
cardiovascular system - ANSWER...-- heart, blood vessels, ventricles
- distribute blood cells, distribute het and assists in the control of body temp and pumps
blood in and out of heart
lymphatic system (immune) - ANSWER...-- spleen, thymus, lymph node
- defends against infection and disease and returns tissue fluids into the bloodstream
respiratroy system - ANSWER...-- nasal cavities, sinuses, trachea, lungs
- delivers air to the alveoli, provides oxygen to the bloodstream and removes carbon
from lungs and produces sound for communication
digestive system - ANSWER...-- teeth, stomach, intestines, liver
, - processes and digest food, absorbs and conserves water (large intestine/stomach),
absorbs nutrients (small intestine) and stores energy reserves
urinary system - ANSWER...-- kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
- removes waste product from the blood, controls water balance by regulating the
volume of urine produced and stores urine prior to eliminating it
reproductive system (male) - ANSWER...-- testes, penis, prostate gland
- produces male sex cells (sperm) and hormones
reproductive system (female) - ANSWER...-- ovaries, vagina, uterus
- produces female sex cells (ovaries) and hormones, supports developing embryo from
conception to delivery, provides milk to nourish newborn infant
Homeostasis - ANSWER...-- Every living being needs this in order to survive
- Physiological mechanism
--> Maintaining normal physiology
- Balancing system and if imbalance homeostasis occurs
3 components to homeostasis - ANSWER...-1. Stimulator
2. Processing system
3. Effector
Homeostasis is controlled by what two mechanisms? - ANSWER...-1. Negative
Feedback (most common, regulation of room temp)
2. Positive Feedback (NOT a way of maintaining it, blood clotting)
Anatomical Position - ANSWER...-- facing forward, arms by your side, palms forward
and feet closely together
- Standardized metho of observing or imaging the body that allows precise and
consistent anatomical preferences
Anatomical Plane (3) - ANSWER...-- to gain a greater understadning of the iner
structures of the bdoy anatomically
- 3D plane bases on slices
1. Midsaggital
2. Saggital
3. Frontal
4. Transverse
Middsagittal plane - ANSWER...-vertical, lies on the midline (cut between eyes down
through middle of nose, then your midline)
Saggitual plane - ANSWER...-vertical, divding the body into its left and right parts
Physiology
Anatomy - ANSWER...-The study of body structure
- What made of, location and understanding of the function
Ana = ?, Time = ? and anatomizing = ? - ANSWER...-part, to cut, dissecting
Physiology - ANSWER...-The study of body function of anatomical structures
Specialties of Anatomy (2) - ANSWER...-gross and microscopic
The basic functions/properties of life (7) - ANSWER...-1. organization
2. Energy processing
3. Growth and differentiation
4. Responsiveness
5. Movement
6. Reproduction
7. Adaptation
Four major elements that constitute 96% of cell structure: - ANSWER...-1. Hydrogen
(65%)
2. Oxygen (18.5%)
3. Hydrogen (9.5%)
4. Nitrogen (3.3%)
Levels of organization (5) - ANSWER...-1. Chemical/molecular level
2. Cellular level
3. Tissue level
4. Organ level
5. Organ system
Chemical/molecular level - ANSWER...-atoms combine to molecules
Cellular level - ANSWER...-smallest living units in organisms
Tissue level - ANSWER...-groups similar cells that perform a function
Organ level - ANSWER...-Different types of tissues that perform a common level
Organ system - ANSWER...-consists of different organs that work closely together
,11 organ systems - ANSWER...-1. integumentary
2. skeletal
3. muscular
4. nervous
5. endocrine
6. cardiovascular
7. lymphatic
8. respiratory
9. digestive
10. urinary
11. reproductive (male and female)
integumentary system - ANSWER...-- Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair,
and nail
- protects against environmental hazards, sensory information and regulate body temp
skeletal system - ANSWER...-- Bones, bone marrow, associated ligaments
- Provides protection and support for other tissues, stores calcium, forms blood cells
muscular system - ANSWER...-- Consists of skeletal muscles, tendons, and ligaments
- provides movement, connects muscles to bones, attach bones together to form joints,
provides protection and support
nervous system - ANSWER...-- brain, spinal cord, nerves
- detects the immediate response to stimuli, coordinates activities of other organ system
and provides/interprets sensory info about external conditions
Endocrine system - ANSWER...-- thyroid gland, pancreas, gonads
- directs long term change in activities of other organ systems, adjust metabolic activity
and every used by body and controls many structural and functional changes during
development
cardiovascular system - ANSWER...-- heart, blood vessels, ventricles
- distribute blood cells, distribute het and assists in the control of body temp and pumps
blood in and out of heart
lymphatic system (immune) - ANSWER...-- spleen, thymus, lymph node
- defends against infection and disease and returns tissue fluids into the bloodstream
respiratroy system - ANSWER...-- nasal cavities, sinuses, trachea, lungs
- delivers air to the alveoli, provides oxygen to the bloodstream and removes carbon
from lungs and produces sound for communication
digestive system - ANSWER...-- teeth, stomach, intestines, liver
, - processes and digest food, absorbs and conserves water (large intestine/stomach),
absorbs nutrients (small intestine) and stores energy reserves
urinary system - ANSWER...-- kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
- removes waste product from the blood, controls water balance by regulating the
volume of urine produced and stores urine prior to eliminating it
reproductive system (male) - ANSWER...-- testes, penis, prostate gland
- produces male sex cells (sperm) and hormones
reproductive system (female) - ANSWER...-- ovaries, vagina, uterus
- produces female sex cells (ovaries) and hormones, supports developing embryo from
conception to delivery, provides milk to nourish newborn infant
Homeostasis - ANSWER...-- Every living being needs this in order to survive
- Physiological mechanism
--> Maintaining normal physiology
- Balancing system and if imbalance homeostasis occurs
3 components to homeostasis - ANSWER...-1. Stimulator
2. Processing system
3. Effector
Homeostasis is controlled by what two mechanisms? - ANSWER...-1. Negative
Feedback (most common, regulation of room temp)
2. Positive Feedback (NOT a way of maintaining it, blood clotting)
Anatomical Position - ANSWER...-- facing forward, arms by your side, palms forward
and feet closely together
- Standardized metho of observing or imaging the body that allows precise and
consistent anatomical preferences
Anatomical Plane (3) - ANSWER...-- to gain a greater understadning of the iner
structures of the bdoy anatomically
- 3D plane bases on slices
1. Midsaggital
2. Saggital
3. Frontal
4. Transverse
Middsagittal plane - ANSWER...-vertical, lies on the midline (cut between eyes down
through middle of nose, then your midline)
Saggitual plane - ANSWER...-vertical, divding the body into its left and right parts
